flashcards 1-5
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| Organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function in the cell
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| Cell Wall | supports and protects the cell
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| Cell Membrane | a cell structure that controls which which substances can enter or leave the cell
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| Nucleus | brain of the cell- control room
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| Chromatin | material in cell that contains DNA and carries genetic info
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| Cytoplasm | region between cell membrane and nucleus
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| Mitochondrian | battery of the cell
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | highway of the cell
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| Ribosome | makes proteins
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| Golgi Body | transports proteins mail system
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| Chloroplast | captures energy from the sun: uses to produce food
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| Vacuole | storage container- water balloon
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| Lysosome | intestines of the cell- clears away waste
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| Element | cannot be broken down into simpler substances
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| Atom | smallest unit of an element
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| Compound | 2 or more elements that are chemically combined
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| Molecule | smallest form of matter
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| Organic Compound | contains carbon
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| Inorganic Compound | doesnt contain carbon
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| Carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compounds- sugars and starches- made up of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen
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| Protein | large organc compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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| Amino Acid | form proteins
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| Enzyme | protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
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| Lipid | fats and oils
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| Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA
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| DNA | carries genetic info - passed on from parent to offspring
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| RNA | plays an important role in the production of proteins
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| Selectively Permeable | windowscreen-allows some things to pass through and others cannot
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| Diffusion | molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
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| Osmosis | diffusion of water
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| Passive Transport | diffusion without using energy
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| Active Transport | diffusion using energy
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| Photosynthesis | how plants make food
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| Chlorophyll | pigment found in chloroplasts, algae, and some bacteria
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| Stomata | small whole in the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
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| Autotroph | makes its own food
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| Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food
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| Respiration | process in which cells break down food molecules and releas their energy
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| Fermentation | respiration without using oxygen
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| Cell Cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
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| Mitosis | cell splits and becomes two new cells
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| Chromatid | one of the identical rods of a chromosome
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| Interphase | cell grows, copies DNA, and prepares to divide
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| Chromosome | double rod of condensed chromatin- carries genetic info
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| Cytokinesis | final stage of mitosis where the cell splits and becomes two new cells
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| Trait | physical characteristic
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| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offsping
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| Genetics | study of heredity
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| Purebred | two of the same alleles for one trait
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| Gene | segment of DNA that calls for a certain trait
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| Allele | two flavors of a gene
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| Dominant Allele | allways shows up
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| Recessive Allele | shows up if the dominant isn't their
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| Hybrid | two different alleles for one trait
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| Probability | the chance something will happen
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| Punnett Square | a chart that shows all of the possible outcome of the offspring
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| Phenotype | physical appearence
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| Genotype | genetic makeup
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| Homozygous | two of the same alleles for one trait
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| Heterozygous | two different alleles for one trait
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| Codominance | neither dominant or recessive
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| Meiosis | production of sex cells
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| Protein Synthesis | in the cytoplasm on the ribosome
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| Messenger RNA | copies the coded message and carries it into the cytoplasm
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| Transfer RNA | carries the amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
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| Nitrogen Bases | adenine-thynineguanine-cytosine
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| Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome
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| Species | a group of similar organisms
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| Adaptation | a trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce
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| Evolution | the gradual change of a species over time
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| Scientific Theory | a well-tested theory that explains a wide range of observations
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| Natural Selection | the process by which the individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive than the other members of the species
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| Variation | a difference between two or more animals in the same species
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| Fossil | the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived 10,000 years or more ago
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| Sedimentary Rock | the only rock fossils are found in- layers of sediment built up over millions of years
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| Petrified Fossil | a fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism
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| Cast | a fossil formed when a mold becomes filled in with minerals that then harden
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| Mold | a type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part
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| Extinct | an organism can no longer exist on Earth
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| Relative Dating | a technique used to find which of the two fossils is older
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| Absolute Dating | to find the actual age of a fossil or rock
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| Fossil Record | the millions of fossils scientist have collected
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| Homologous Structure |
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| Branching Tree |
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Created by:
NolanG
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