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flashcards 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function in the cell |
| Cell Wall | supports and protects the cell |
| Cell Membrane | a cell structure that controls which which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| Nucleus | brain of the cell- control room |
| Chromatin | material in cell that contains DNA and carries genetic info |
| Cytoplasm | region between cell membrane and nucleus |
| Mitochondrian | battery of the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | highway of the cell |
| Ribosome | makes proteins |
| Golgi Body | transports proteins mail system |
| Chloroplast | captures energy from the sun: uses to produce food |
| Vacuole | storage container- water balloon |
| Lysosome | intestines of the cell- clears away waste |
| Element | cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Atom | smallest unit of an element |
| Compound | 2 or more elements that are chemically combined |
| Molecule | smallest form of matter |
| Organic Compound | contains carbon |
| Inorganic Compound | doesnt contain carbon |
| Carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compounds- sugars and starches- made up of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen |
| Protein | large organc compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| Amino Acid | form proteins |
| Enzyme | protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| Lipid | fats and oils |
| Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA |
| DNA | carries genetic info - passed on from parent to offspring |
| RNA | plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| Selectively Permeable | windowscreen-allows some things to pass through and others cannot |
| Diffusion | molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water |
| Passive Transport | diffusion without using energy |
| Active Transport | diffusion using energy |
| Photosynthesis | how plants make food |
| Chlorophyll | pigment found in chloroplasts, algae, and some bacteria |
| Stomata | small whole in the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| Autotroph | makes its own food |
| Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| Respiration | process in which cells break down food molecules and releas their energy |
| Fermentation | respiration without using oxygen |
| Cell Cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| Mitosis | cell splits and becomes two new cells |
| Chromatid | one of the identical rods of a chromosome |
| Interphase | cell grows, copies DNA, and prepares to divide |
| Chromosome | double rod of condensed chromatin- carries genetic info |
| Cytokinesis | final stage of mitosis where the cell splits and becomes two new cells |
| Trait | physical characteristic |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offsping |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| Purebred | two of the same alleles for one trait |
| Gene | segment of DNA that calls for a certain trait |
| Allele | two flavors of a gene |
| Dominant Allele | allways shows up |
| Recessive Allele | shows up if the dominant isn't their |
| Hybrid | two different alleles for one trait |
| Probability | the chance something will happen |
| Punnett Square | a chart that shows all of the possible outcome of the offspring |
| Phenotype | physical appearence |
| Genotype | genetic makeup |
| Homozygous | two of the same alleles for one trait |
| Heterozygous | two different alleles for one trait |
| Codominance | neither dominant or recessive |
| Meiosis | production of sex cells |
| Protein Synthesis | in the cytoplasm on the ribosome |
| Messenger RNA | copies the coded message and carries it into the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA | carries the amino acids and adds them to the growing protein |
| Nitrogen Bases | adenine-thynineguanine-cytosine |
| Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| Species | a group of similar organisms |
| Adaptation | a trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce |
| Evolution | the gradual change of a species over time |
| Scientific Theory | a well-tested theory that explains a wide range of observations |
| Natural Selection | the process by which the individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive than the other members of the species |
| Variation | a difference between two or more animals in the same species |
| Fossil | the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived 10,000 years or more ago |
| Sedimentary Rock | the only rock fossils are found in- layers of sediment built up over millions of years |
| Petrified Fossil | a fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism |
| Cast | a fossil formed when a mold becomes filled in with minerals that then harden |
| Mold | a type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part |
| Extinct | an organism can no longer exist on Earth |
| Relative Dating | a technique used to find which of the two fossils is older |
| Absolute Dating | to find the actual age of a fossil or rock |
| Fossil Record | the millions of fossils scientist have collected |
| Homologous Structure | |
| Branching Tree |
Created by:
NolanG
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