A&P II Exam 2
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| Epicardium | show 🗑
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| Myocardium | show 🗑
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| Parietal layer | show 🗑
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| Endocardium | show 🗑
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| 5. The pacemaker of the heart is the | show 🗑
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| show | ventricules
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| 7. What is the name of the network found in the ventricular myocardium. | show 🗑
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| show | AV node
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| 9. Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle. | show 🗑
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| show | tricuspid valve
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| show | bicuspid (mitral)valve
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| Which valve prevent backflow into the right ventricle. | show 🗑
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| show | semilunar valves
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| 13. Which AV valve has two flaps. | show 🗑
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| show | tricuspid valve
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| 15. Normal heart sounds are caused by ____ | show 🗑
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| 16. What is cardiac reserve and what circumstances can alter it? | show 🗑
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| 17. Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes what changes in blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Pump blood with a greater pressure
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| show | AV node
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| show | left atrium
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| show | papillary muscles
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| show | Angina pectoris
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| 23. To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope: | show 🗑
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| show | Coronary arteries
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| show | 60
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| show | age, gender, body temperature, chemicals, autonomic nervous system exercise
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| 27. If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from: | show 🗑
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| 28. Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they: | show 🗑
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| show | 5.25
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| 30. What is the pericardial cavity? | show 🗑
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| show | tetanic contractions; stop the heart’s pumping action
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| 32. Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by: | show 🗑
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| 33. If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that: | show 🗑
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| show | 70
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| show | pulmonary trunk
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| show | Aorta and pulmonary artery
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| show | the ventricle is in systole
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| show | noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
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| 39. Describe the function of myocardial cells compared to skeletal muscle cells. | show 🗑
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| show | T-wave, indicates repolarization
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| show | the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization
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| 42. Describe the events during the period of ventricular filling: | show 🗑
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| 44. The heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? | show 🗑
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| 45. Stenosis of the mitral valve may initially cause a pressure increase in the: | show 🗑
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| 48. Describe the factors which influence cardiac output. | show 🗑
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| show | for a split second, the ventricles are completely closed chambers and blood volume in the chambers remain constant
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| 51. Define negative chronotropic factors | show 🗑
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| show | vena cava
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| 53. The ________ cells of the heart do not maintain stable resting membrane potentials; therefore, they continually depolarize. | show 🗑
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| 54. Specialized conductive cells of the ventricles are called ________ fibers. | show 🗑
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| 55. The ECG T wave interval represents ________. | show 🗑
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| show | HR
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| show | Pericardium
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| 58. The ________ valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae. | show 🗑
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| 59. ________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached. | show 🗑
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| 60. Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used? | show 🗑
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| show | SV =(EDV) minus (ESV); EDV = amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole; ESV = amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction
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| show | an auricle receives blood from the veins & forces it into a ventricle
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| 64. What two important functions does the cardiac conduction system perform? | show 🗑
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| 65. Explain autorhythmicity in cardiac muscle cells. | show 🗑
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| 66. Why is oxygen so much more critical to the heart muscle than to skeletal muscles? | show 🗑
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| 67. What is the functional importance of the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle? What is the functional importance of the fibrous skeleton of the heart? | show 🗑
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| 68. What is bradycardia? | show 🗑
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| show | Aorta
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| 73. Which artery supplies the kidneys. | show 🗑
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| show | gastroduodenal
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| 75. Which artery supplies the distal areas of the large intestine. | show 🗑
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| show | gonadal arteries (ovarian or testicular)
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| 77. Which artery does not anastomose. | show 🗑
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| 78. Which artery gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery. | show 🗑
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| show | external iliac artery
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| show | radial pulse
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| 81. Which artery is the major supply to the cerebral hemispheres. | show 🗑
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| show | superior mesenteric artery
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| show | right and left illiac
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| show | superior vena cava
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| 85. Which vessel carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. | show 🗑
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| show | external juglar veins
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| 87. Which vein runs through the armpit. | show 🗑
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| 89. Which artery is usually palpated to take the blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| 90. Which artery is the major artery of the thigh. | show 🗑
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| show | superior mesenteric artery
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| 92. Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. | show 🗑
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| 93. Which vein is longest vein in the body, superficial. | show 🗑
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| 94. What is the site where resistance to blood flow is greatest. | show 🗑
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| 95. What is the site where exchanges of food and gases are made. | show 🗑
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| 96. What is the site where blood pressure is lowest. | show 🗑
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| 97. What is the site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest. | show 🗑
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| 98. What is the site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest. | show 🗑
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| show | large veins
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| 100. What is the site where the blood pressure is greatest. | show 🗑
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| 101. What is the site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance. | show 🗑
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| 102. What are the three main factors influencing blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| 103. List the chemicals that control blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | All carry blood away from the heart
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| show | Intima
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| 106. Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of: | show 🗑
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| 107. The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called: | show 🗑
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| show | muscular
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| show | Aldesterone will promote an increase in blood pressure
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| show | systoilic pressure minus diastolic pressure
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| 111. Describe the signs of hypovolemic shock. Which sign is a relatively late sign? | show 🗑
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| show | capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged w/ blood, skin will be cold & clammy, blood will be rapidly diverted to the digestive organs
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| show | are abundant in skin and skeletal muscles
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| show | venules join to form veins, usually have 3 distinct tunics, their walls are always thinner & their lumens larger than those of corresponding arteries
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| show | abundant occlusion of vein that rarely blocks blood flow or leads to tissue death
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| show | increases as blood viscosity increases
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| show | vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
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| 121. Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? | show 🗑
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| 122. The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is: | show 🗑
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| show | results from large-scale blood loss
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| 124. In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure: (what is it and what does it do): | show 🗑
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| show | directs blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to liver
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| 126. What organs contain anastomosing vessels? | show 🗑
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| show | nervousness & type of physical activity, age, weight, health
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| show | Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
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| show | tunica interna includes a layer of simple squamous epithelium
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| 130. The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called: | show 🗑
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| 131. Fenestrated capillaries (how do they function and where are they found) | show 🗑
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| show | sinusoids
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| 133. List the factors that aid venous return. | show 🗑
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| show | ’s)
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| 135. Describe the factors that influence blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| 139. A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the: | show 🗑
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| show | changes in blood pressure & in the blood viscousity alike
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| 141. A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in what changes | show 🗑
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| 142. List the blood vessels attached to the circle of Willis? | show 🗑
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| show | arteriosclerosis
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| show | brachiocephalic
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| 146. The most common form of shock is ___. | show 🗑
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| 147. ________ is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors known and it is one of the endothelium-derived factors. | show 🗑
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| 148. A ________ capillary has many oval holes in it. | show 🗑
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| 149. Arterial ________ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ. | show 🗑
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| 150. The ________ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| 154. The ________ supply the brain with blood. | show 🗑
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| show | pulse
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| show | vena cava
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| show | vanish temporarily
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| 159. Which type of blood vessels contain valves and what is their function? | show 🗑
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| show | diffusion
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| Vasoconstriction | show 🗑
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| Vasodilation | show 🗑
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| 162. Consider the diameter of one 4-mm blood vessel and two 2-mm blood vessels. Would the two 2-mm vessels carry more, less, or the same amount of fluid, given that pressure is a constant? Why? | show 🗑
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| 163. Based on what we have learned about the regulation of blood flow to various organs, do you think it is wiser to rest or exercise after a heavy meal? Explain your answer. | show 🗑
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| 164. The average thickness of an arteriole is six times that of the average venule, why? | show 🗑
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| show | in the rest of the body blood has oxygen, blood returning needs oxygen
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| 166. The abdominal aorta divides into three arteries at its terminus, what are they? | show 🗑
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| 170. Protein-containing fluid within lymphatic vessels is called | show 🗑
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| show | Peyer’s patches, tonsils, and the appendix (digestive tract) Lymphoid nodules in the walls of the bronchi (respiratory tract)
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| 172. What structure receives lymph from most of the body. | show 🗑
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| 173. What are Peyer's patches and where are they found | show 🗑
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| 174. List the functions of the spleen | show 🗑
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| 175. What is the largest lymphatic organ. | show 🗑
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| 176. Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed: | show 🗑
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| show | lymph nodes, lymph, lymph vessels, lymphatic ducts
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| 178. The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called: | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal muscle contraction & differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement
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| show | most active during childhood
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| 181. Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? | show 🗑
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| 182. What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? | show 🗑
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| 184. Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by: | show 🗑
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| 185. Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________________ | show 🗑
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| 186. By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent? | show 🗑
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| show | edema (lymphedema)
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| show | The lymphatic system lacks an organ that acts as a pump; Vessels are low-pressure conduits; Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
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| show | T cells and B cells protect the body against antigens
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| show | Diffuse lymphatic tissue – scattered reticular tissue elements in every body organ; Lymphatic follicles (nodules) – solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed reticular elements and cells
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| 191. A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n): | show 🗑
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| 192. Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up. | show 🗑
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| 193. What is a bubo? | show 🗑
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| show | site of T Cell destruction in the Thymus
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| show | near the body surface in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions
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| 196. List the digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissues | show 🗑
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| show | Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood
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| show | Lingual tonsils
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| 199. Describe the normal components of lymph | show 🗑
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| show | tonsils
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| show | MALT
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| show | lacteals
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| show | arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body
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| 204. Lymph nodes have more ________ lymphatic vessels than ________ lymphatic vessels. | show 🗑
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| show | thymus
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| show | crypts
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| show | medullary
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| show | white pulp
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| show | trunks
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| 211. Describe the mechanisms by which lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics. | show 🗑
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| show | lymphanitis
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| show | it enables t-lymphocytes to function against specific pathogens in the immune system
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| Palatine tonsils – | show 🗑
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| Lingual tonsils – | show 🗑
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| show | posterior wall of the nasopharynx
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| show | surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx
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| 217. In the thymus, what is the difference in the lymphocyte density of the cortex versus the medulla? | show 🗑
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| 218. Contrast the structure of blood and lymph capillaries. | show 🗑
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| 220. How does the structure of a lymph node allow lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective function? | show 🗑
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| show | MALT – mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue; MALT protects the digestive and respiratory systems from foreign matter
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| show | threshold is reached more quickly, and heart rate increases
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| show | brain tissue is extremely sensitive to declines in pH, and increase CO2 causes marked vasodilation
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| show | blood flows to the venus plexus under the surface; changes with temp
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| show | 1 diffusion thru membrane 2 throughout intercellular clefts 3 thru fenestrations 4 Via vesicles or caveolae
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| 137. Describe changes in the velocity of blood flow throughout the circulatory system. How does velocity relate to vessel diameter? | show 🗑
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| Circulatory shock – | show 🗑
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| Hypovolemic shock – | show 🗑
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| show | poor circulation resulting from extreme vasodilation
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| show | the heart cannot sustain adequate circulation
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Created by:
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