243 EXAM 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| systolic pressure | highest pressure, contraction
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| diastolic pressure | low pressure, relax and fill
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| mean arterial pressure | average pressure in arterial system during contraction and relaxation
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| physical factors influencing blood pressure | blood volume, elastic properties of blood vessels
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| physiologic influences of blood pressure | cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance
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| systemic vascular resistance | influenced by ability of blood vessels to constrict and dilate
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| determinants of CO | heart rate, contractility, preload and afterload
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| afterload | ejection of blood from ventricle
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| increased afterload | decrease stroke volume
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| short term BP regulation | neural mechanisms (SNS), humoral (hormone) mechanisms
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| long term BP regulation | renal mechanisms
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| paracrine mediators | nitric oxide helps vessels relax and dilate
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| baroreceptors | sense volume and pressure, signal SNS
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| primary hypertension | increased SNS activity, increased sodium, excess alcohol
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| heredity hypertension - primary | genetic factors, environmental, demographic
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| water and sodium retention | high sodium intake activates pressor mechanisms and causes water retention
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| altered renin aldosterone mechanism | contribute to maintenance and development of hypertension
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| stress and increased SNS activity | increases vasoconstriction, increased HR, increased renin release
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| secondary hypertension | elevation due to another disorder, ie kidney disease
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| contributing factors to hypertension | coarctation of aorta, renal disease, endocrine and neurological disorder, hyperthyroidism, polycythemia, sleep apnea, Cushing syndrome
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| pheochromocytoma | tumor on adrenal gland
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| malignant hypertension | accelerated form of hypertension, rupture/ stroke complications
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| hypertension clinical manifestations | asymptomatic until severe and target organ disease occurs, palpitations, angina, dizziness, fatigue, dyspnea, headache
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| hypertension heart damage | left ventricular hypertrophy
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| hypertension brain damage | dementia and cognitive impairment
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| hypertension peripheral vascular | atherosclerosis, pressure pushes on vessels, inner endothelial is damaged; buildup of plaque, vessels can not constrict/ dilate
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| hypertension kidney damage | nephrosclerosis
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| hypertensive heart disease | coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure
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| blood pressure readings | highest early in morning, lowest at night
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| hypertension older adults | lowest rates of BP control, over age of 65
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| hypertension minorities | non hispanic black significantly high
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| socioeconomic factors contributing to hypertension | substandard insurance, poor access to healthcare
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| pregnancy induced hypertension | toxemia of pregnancy, preeclampsia - young age, first pregnancy, multiple fetuses, diabetic
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| manifestations of pregnancy hypertension | proteinuria, edema, sudden weight gain, vision change, nausea
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| eclampsia | seizure
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| HELLP syndrome | risk for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, DIC
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| hypertension in children | kidney abnormalities, coarctation of aorta, pheochromocytoma and adrenal cortical disorders
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| infants and hypertension | umbilical catheterization and renal artery obstruction caused by thrombosis
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| orthostatic hypotension | decrease in blood pressure when standing
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| causes of orthostatic hypotension | decrease in venous return to the heart due to lower extremity pooling, response to decreased CO
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| condition that decreases vascular volume | dehydration
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| conditions that impair muscle pump function | bed rest, spinal injury
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| conditions that interfere with cardiovascular reflexes | medications, ANS disorders, baroreflex function
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| hypovolemia | excessive use of diuretics, diaphoresis, loss of GI fluid through vomitting and diarrhea
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| hypovolemia manifestations | dizziness, visual changes, head and neck discomfort, poor concentration, tremor, presyncope and syncope
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| syncope | fainting, loss of consciousness
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Created by:
ahommel
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