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Sociology ch.7-9

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Term
Definition
Social Stratification   show
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Social Inequality   show
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Slavery   show
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show Form of stratification where status is determined by one's family history/background and cannot be changed; based on heredity  
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Apartheid   show
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Social Class   show
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Intersectionality   show
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Upper Class   show
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Upper Middle Class   show
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Middle Class   show
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Working (Lower Middle) Class   show
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Working Poor   show
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show Work part-time or is unemployed, 12% of population  
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Capitalist (bourgeoisie)   show
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show Who sold their labor for wages  
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show Believed there were 2 social classes in capitalist societies  
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Feudal System   show
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show Argued that class status was made of wealth, power, and prestige  
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show Believes the stratification makes it so that greater rewards are given for work that requires more skill  
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Social Reproduction   show
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Pierre Bourdieu   show
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Culture Capital   show
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Symbolic Interactionists   show
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Erving Goffman   show
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show Tendency to choose romantic partners who are similar to us in terms of class, race, education, religion and other social group membership  
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Heterogamy   show
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show The movement of individuals or groups within the hierarchal system of social classes  
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Closed System   show
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show Ample opportunity to move from one class to another  
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INTER-generational Mobility   show
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INTRA-generational Mobility   show
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Horizontal Social Mobility   show
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show Movement between social classes and is called upward or downward mobility depending on direction ex: therapist experience upward mobility if he marries a CEO, but if they get laid off then he experiences downward mobility  
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Structural Mobility   show
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Absolute Deprivation   show
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show Measure of poverty based on the standards of living, people feel poor if their standards is less than others  
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show Refers to learned attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate rather than attempt to improve their situation  
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show Residential segregation, political disenfranchisement, and the use of law enforcement to control the homeless can make poverty invisible to many Americans  
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American Dream   show
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Race   show
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Ethnicity   show
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show Sociologists see race and ethnicity as this bc it isn't based on biology + categories change over time and never have firm boundries  
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Symbolic Ethnicity   show
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show Ethnic identity either displayed or concealed, depending on usefulness in situations ex: a Viet person hiding their ethnicity bc their boss hates Viet but reveals it during a scholarship for Vietnamese people  
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Minority   show
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Racism   show
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Color-Blind Racism   show
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Internalized Racism   show
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Prejudice   show
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show Action; motivated by prejudice, results in equal treatment of an individual bc of his/her membership in a racial group  
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Individual Discrimination   show
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show Carried out by social institutions (political, economic, educational) that affects all members of a group who come into contact with it  
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show Belief that the nation should reflect a white identity  
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White Privilege   show
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Microagression   show
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Cultural Appropriation   show
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show Discrimination against white people  
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show Acknowledge race as a social construct that shapes our individual and social experience  
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show Favoring individuals belonging to discriminated groups; goal is to create awareness and diversity  
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show Focus on how race creates social ties and strengthens group bonds, acknowledge ties can lead to violence  
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show Study of relationship between race, racism, and power  
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Double Consciousness   show
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Genocide   show
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show Forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied  
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Internal Colonialism   show
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show Formal and legal segregation of groups by race or ethnicity  
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show Minority group absorbed into mainstream or dominant group  
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show Racial minority groups are absorbed into dominant groups thru intermarriage  
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Cultural Assimilation   show
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Pluralism (multiculturalism)   show
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Sex   show
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show Chromosomes, hormones, + reproductive organs  
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Secondary Characteristics of Sex   show
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show Physical, behavioral., and personality traits that is considered normal for male and female members  
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show An individual's sense of gender, while gender expression is an individual's behavioral manifestation of gender  
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Essentialists   show
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show See sex, gender, and sexuality as social constructs; most sociologist use this approach  
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Queer Theorists   show
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Sexual Orientation   show
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show Believed people are not exclusive to heterosexual or homosexual  
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Kinsley Scale of Sexuality   show
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show Fear of/discrimination toward individuals who display purportedly gender appropriate behavior  
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Misogyny   show
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show Believe certain tasks should be done by certain sex  
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show Person who provides family's material support and is often an authority figure; Talcott Parsons believe men are more suited  
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Expressive Role   show
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Conflict Theorists   show
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show Believe gender is constructed, maintained, and reproduced in everyday life  
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Feminist Theorists   show
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Gender Role Socialization   show
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Social Learning Theory   show
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Feminization of Poverty   show
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Feminism   show
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1st Wave of Feminism   show
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2nd Wave of Feminism   show
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3rd Wave of Feminism   show
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Male Liberationism   show
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