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| Used to assess pressures and motility in the gastrointestinal tract | Gastrointestinal Manometry
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| The movement of the Manometric catheter from the abdominal cavity into the thoracic cavity | Respiration Inversion Point
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| A connective tissues disease that leads to loss of esophageal motility because of absent muscle contraction | Scleroderma
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| A provocative test using exogenous acid exposure to reproduce chest pain | Bernstein Test
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| Assesses the response of the internal and external sphincters to the stimulus of bowel distention | Anorectal Manometry
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| The abnormal condition of the buildup of amyloid in the intestinal wall | Systemic Amyloidosis
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| are for electrocoagulating tissue for those at increased risk of bleeding | Hot Biopsy Forceps
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| accomplished by swabbing the rectal area looking for infectious disease | Rectal Culture
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| equipment that allows for small bowel biopsy | Carey Capsule
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| Equipment that allows for small bowel biopsy | Crosby Capsule
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| A biopsy that is immediately mounted and examined for quick results | Frozen Section Biopsy
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| involves passing a tiny brush through the biopsy channel | Brush Cytology
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| a study in which a patient swallows the radiopaque contrast so that the esophagus can be evaluated | Barium Swallow
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| with small bowel follow through allows the evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract through the small bowel by using radiopaque Barium | Upper Gastrointestinal Series or UGI
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| allows for injection Barium through a tube to evaluate the small bowel | Enteroclysis
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| uses radiopaque Barium to assess the colon | Barium Enema
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| or angiography is a test in which arteries are injected with contrast medium to assess bleeding, trauma or vascular abnormalities | Arteriography
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| an imaging study that computes the different densities of tissues to make an image | Computed tomography or CT
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| require that a tube be passed into the duodenum and then the gallbladder is stimulated to contract. Secretions are collected and examined . | Biliary Drainage Studies
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| reflects the pigment responsible for carrying oxygen in the red blood cell | Hemoglobin
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| defines the percent volume of red blood cells to the whole blood | Hematocrit
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| is a measure of platelet function. The time it takes a patient to clot after a cut can be timed | Bleeding Time
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| manufactured in the bone marrow, are blood cells that help in clotting blood. If they are low, the patient will have a tendency to bleed. | Platelets
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| assesses the ability of the small intestine, particularly the upper small bowel, to absorb necessary substances. | Serum D-Xylose Test
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| assesses a patient’s ability to respond to a glucose challenge. Abnormal responses suggest diabetes. | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| is measured for a number of reasons. Elevated levels are associated with increased cardiac disease and may be caused by certain diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases | Serum Cholesterol
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| levels are elevated with certain forms of cancer or inflammatory diseases. | Carcinoembryonic Antigen
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| require the measurement of exhaled gases after the ingestion of a labeled substance. | Breath Tests
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| the procedure to dilate the esophagus by using a weighted bougie to push through an esophageal narrowing. | Bougienage
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| is a bougie with a tapered end used in esophageal dilatation | Maloney Dilator
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| is a bougie filled with mercury for dilating the esophagus | Hurst dilator
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| are polyvinyl dilators that have a channel for a guide wire. | Salvary-Gilliard Dilators
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| are pneumatic balloons used to dilate the lower esophageal sphincter | Rigiflex Dilators
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| are the measurements used to designate the size of an esophageal dilator. It reflects the circumference of the dilator. | French Units
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| hollow aluminum cylinders with a heating coil to cause tissue coagulation | Heater Probes
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| an electrode used in electrocoagulation in which the probe delivers the current and completes the circuit. | Bipolar Probe
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| uses a single pole to produce coagulating current | Monopolar Electrocoagulation
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| Instruments used to deliver electrocoagulation therapy | Electrosurgical Units
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| occurs at 60 c and causes tissue coagulation | Photocoagulation
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| occurs at 100 c and cuts or destroys tissue | Photovaporization
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| is ethanolamine oleate, a sclerosing agent | Ethamolin
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| is used in tamponade with a gastric and esophageal balloon | Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube
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| is used in tamponade but has no esophageal balloon | Linton Tube
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| is used in tamponade. It has a gastric and esophageal balloon and also lumens to allow for both gastric and esophageal suction. | Minnesota Tube
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| is a surgical procedure for peptic ulcer disease in which the antrum of the stomach is removed with attachment of the duodenum to the remainder of the stomach | Billroth I
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| is a surgical procedure for peptic ulcer disease in which the upper duodenum and lower stomach are removed with the Jejunum being attached to the remainder of the stomach | Billroth II
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| is a surgical procedure that creates a pouch in the proximal area of the stomach. The Jejunum is attached to the pouch, and the duodenum is attached to the Jejunum | Roux-En-Y
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| results at birth with the esophagus ending blindly, unattached to the stomach. | Esophageal Atresia
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| is used to strengthen the LES by wrapping the stomach around the lower esophagus and suturing it in place. | Nissen Fundoplication
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| the lysis of red blood cells | Hemolysis
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| devices for long term use. They include central venous line devices and indwelling infusion ports. | Vascular Access Devices
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| the process by which solvents pass through a selectively permeable membrane | Osmosis
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| patient controlled intravenous access devices for the delivery of pain medication. | PCA or Patient - Controlled Analgesic
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| occurs when substances from the inserted intravenous line leak into surrounding tissue | Infiltration
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| blood used for prospective transplant patients because it reduces the likelihood of sensitization to tissue antigens . | Leukocyte-Poor Blood
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| an inflammation of the vein, which can occur as a complication of intravenous therapy. | Phlebitis
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| an opening through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. | Perforation
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| occurs when the individual has bloody stools. | Hematochezia
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| occurs when the individual produces odiferous, tarry stools | Melena
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| vomiting blood | Hematemesis
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| results in a perforation that occurs spontaneously, usually associated with vomiting | Boerhaave’s Syndrome
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| the presence of bacterial organisms in the blood | Bacteremia
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| a severe allergic reaction that results in cardiovascular collapse and possibly death. | Anaphylaxis
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| are periods of increased respirations interspersed with periods of decreased respirations | Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
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| a transient loss of consciousness due to a neurologic and cardiovascular response to fear or pain | Vasovagal Syncope
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| the inappropriate introduction of substances to the respiratory system | Aspiration
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| results when protein synthesis exceeds protein degradation | Positive Nitrogen Balance
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| results when protein degradation exceeds protein intake | Negative Nitrogen Balance
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| is provided for those who cannot eat but who have functioning bowels | Enteral Nutrition
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| requires insertion of a gastrostomy feeding tube via the endoscope | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
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| nutritional supplementation for the patient with gastrointestinal dysfunction | Total Parenteral Nutrition
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| combined to form proteins | Amino Acids
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| nutrients that are inorganic | Minerals
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| nutrients that are organic | Vitamins
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| is pentagastrin, a drug used that causes an increase in gastric acid secretion | Peptavlon
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| is bentiromide, which helps evaluate the exocrine function of the pancreas | Chymex
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| is edrophonium chloride, used to simulate esophageal spasm | Tensilon
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| can be administered to investigate the exocrine function of the pancreas | Secretin
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| decreases motility, may be used for different procedures | Glucagon
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| cholecystokinin and is used to cause the gallbladder to contract | Kinevac
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| used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones | Chenix or chenodeoxycholic acid
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| used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones | Actigall or ursodeoxycholic acid
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| used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones | Monooctanoin
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| a narcotic analgesic that is especially useful in biliary or pancreatic diseases | Meperidine or Demerol
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| a narcotic analgesic associated with less nausea and vomiting | Fentanyl or Sublimaze
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| used to reverse sedation and respiratory depression caused by opioids | Narcan or Naloxone
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| can reverse the sedation of benzodiazepines | Romazicon or Flumazenil
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| used to Thrombose and fibrose varices | Sclerosing Agents
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| used to treat esophageal spasm | Isordil
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| a calcium channel blocker used to relax the LES | Procardia or Nifedipine
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| a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach | Esophagus
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| the upper end of the esophagus | UES or Upper Esophageal Sphincter
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| where the esophagus joins the stomach | LES or Lower Esophageal Sphincter
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| the rhythmic, coordinated muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract | Peristalsis
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| the symptom of difficulty swallowing | Dysphagia
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| the symptoms of painful swallowing | Odynophagia
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| dilated, distended vessels in the esophageal wall | Esophageal Varices
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| an esophageal diverticulum or outpouching that is caused by UES dysfunction | Zenker’s Diverticulum
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| an inflammation of the mucosal lining | Esophagitis
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| a laceration in the esophageal lining | Mallory-Weis Tear
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| a dilation of the esophagus from abnormal peristalsis and/or high LES pressure | Achalasia
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| chaotic, simultaneous contractures of the esophageal musculature | Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
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| occurs with the replacement of normal squamous epithelial cells by non-squamous cells in the esophagus | Barrett’s Esophagus
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| results from an increase in the amplitude of peristaltic contractions | Nutcracker Esophagus
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| a combination of food with stomach secretions | Chyme
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| non-specific epigastric pain or nausea | Dyspepsia
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| gram negative organisms associated with peptic ulcer disease | Helicobacter pylori
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| called leather bottle stomach, a diffuse submucosal stomach cancer that causes fibrosis | Linitis plastica
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| a vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor | Pernicious anemia
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| an uncommon stomach lesion that protrudes into the stomach | Gastric polyp
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| gastric ulcers associated with severe stresses, such as illnesses and burns | Stress ulcers
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| occurs in infants and is more common in males. The pyloric sphincter resists passage of food to the intestines. This usually requires surgery. | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
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| wrinkles in the stomach surface to allow for expansion | Rugae
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| responsible for releasing intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption | Parietal cells
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| The arrangement of the mucosa and submucosa that provides increased surface area in the small intestines | Plicae circulares
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| When the bowel twists around itself. It can cause ischemia. | Volvulus
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| Occurs when part of the intestine telescopes up the lumen of the adjacent intestine | Intussusception
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| Refers to excessively loud bowel sounds | Borborygmi
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| Occurs when the small intestinal lining lacks the enzyme lactase, causing diarrhea and malabsorption with lactose products. | Lactase deficiency
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| Occurs in individuals that lack beta-lipoproteins, which leads to build up of fat in the small intestines. This causes malabsorption. | Abetalipoproteinemia
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| Produced by the gastric parietal cell and allows for absorption of vitamin B12. | Intrinsic Factor
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| The area adjacent to the small intestinal villi responsible for replenishing the columnar epithelium. | Crypts of Lieberkuhn
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| Lymph collection / nodes in the ileum | Peyer’s Patches
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| Bulky, malodorous stool with excess fat content | Steatorrhea
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| Swollen blood vessels in the anal area. Internal occur above the internal sphincter; external below. Those from the internal area drain into the portal system, so diseases that lead to portal hypertension can lead to internal. | Hemorrhoids
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| Occurs when fecal material is not eliminated appropriately. The retained stool forms a solid collection that impedes further passage of stool. | Fecal Impaction
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| Caused when chronic constipation leads to involuntary stool leakage | Encopresis
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| A collection of pus in the anorectal area | Anorectal abscess
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| An abnormal formation of an opening in the peri-anal area, usually caused by an abscess. | Anorectal Fistula
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| Occurs when rectal tissue protrudes through the anus. | Rectal Prolapse
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| Results from deposits of bile pigments in certain tissues causing a yellowish discoloration | Jaundice
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| Pain caused by biliary tract stones | Biliary Colic
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| The term meaning that gallstones are located in the common bile duct or the hepatic duct. | Choledocholithiasis
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| Presents with cystitis in the absence of gallstones | Acalculous Cholecystitis
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| Refers to cholecystitis that demonstrates gas in the wall of the gallbladder or biliary ducts | Emphysematous cholecystitis
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| An inflammation of the gallbladder because a gallstone is obstructing the cystic duct | Acute Calculous Cholecystitis
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| Intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone in the ileum | Gallstone Ileus
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| Bacterial infection of the biliary ducts caused by obstruction | Cholangitis
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| An extra pancreatic duct that most people have, along with the duct of Wirsung. | Duct of Santorini
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| A pancreatic enzyme high in bicarbonate that is stimulated by acidic stomach products. | Secretin
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| An enzyme released by the duodenum that is stimulated by proteins and fats. It acts on the pancreas to stimulate pancreatic enzyme release | Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin
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| The appearance of a bluish tinge to the flanks secondary to bleeding from acute pancreatitis | Grey Turner’s Sign
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| The appearance of a bluish tinge around the umbilicus secondary to bleeding from acute pancreatitis | Cullen’s Sign
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| A collection of pancreatic debris surrounded by granulation tissue but without a true epithelial layer | Pseudocyst
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| A pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases | Whipple Operation
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| Refers to pancreatic tissue in sites other than the pancreas | Pancreatic Rest
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| Results when embryonic pancreatic tissue does not combine, causing two separate pancreatic ducts | Pancreas Divisum
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| Refers to a condition where embryonic tissue fails to combine and a portion of the pancreas surrounds the duodenum | Annular Pancreas
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| An inherited disorder involving pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia and growth problems | Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome
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| The connective tissue covering enveloping the liver | Glisson’s Capsule
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| The process the liver employs to convert glucose to glycogen for storage | Glycogenesis
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| The process the liver undertakes to convert glycogen to glucose | Glycogenolysis
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| The process the liver uses to synthesize glucose | Gluconeogenesis
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| Caused by portal hypertension leading to dilated vessels around the umbilicus | Caput Medusae
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| The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity | Ascites
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| Inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by infection, toxins, or immune reactions | Hepatitis
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| Massive hepatic cell death due to an insult, such as an infection or an exposure to a toxin | Fulminant Hepatic Failure
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| An inherited disease that causes a lack in the AAT enzyme, which can lead to liver and lung disease | Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency or AAT Deficiency
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| Results in scarring of the biliary duct system causing cholestasis and liver damage | Biliary Atresia
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Created by:
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