CGRN Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Used to assess pressures and motility in the gastrointestinal tract	Gastrointestinal Manometry
The movement of the Manometric catheter from the abdominal cavity into the thoracic cavity	Respiration Inversion Point
A connective tissues disease that leads to loss of esophageal motility because of absent muscle contraction	Scleroderma
A provocative test using exogenous acid exposure to reproduce chest pain	Bernstein Test
Assesses the response of the internal and external sphincters to the stimulus of bowel distention	Anorectal Manometry
The abnormal condition of the buildup of amyloid in the intestinal wall	Systemic Amyloidosis
are for electrocoagulating tissue for those at increased risk of bleeding	Hot Biopsy Forceps
accomplished by swabbing the rectal area looking for infectious disease	Rectal Culture
equipment that allows for small bowel biopsy	Carey Capsule
Equipment that allows for small bowel biopsy	Crosby Capsule
A biopsy that is immediately mounted and examined for quick results	Frozen Section Biopsy
involves passing a tiny brush through the biopsy channel	Brush Cytology
a study in which a patient swallows the radiopaque contrast so that the esophagus can be evaluated	Barium Swallow
with small bowel follow through allows the evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract through the small bowel by using radiopaque Barium	Upper Gastrointestinal Series or UGI
allows for injection Barium through a tube to evaluate the small bowel	Enteroclysis
uses radiopaque Barium to assess the colon	Barium Enema
or angiography is a test in which arteries are injected with contrast medium to assess bleeding, trauma or vascular abnormalities	Arteriography
an imaging study that computes the different densities of tissues to make an image	Computed tomography or CT
require that a tube be passed into the duodenum and then the gallbladder is stimulated to contract. Secretions are collected and examined .	Biliary Drainage Studies
reflects the pigment responsible for carrying oxygen in the red blood cell	Hemoglobin
defines the percent volume of red blood cells to the whole blood	Hematocrit
is a measure of platelet function. The time it takes a patient to clot after a cut can be timed	Bleeding Time
manufactured in the bone marrow, are blood cells that help in clotting blood. If they are low, the patient will have a tendency to bleed.	Platelets
assesses the ability of the small intestine, particularly the upper small bowel, to absorb necessary substances.	Serum D-Xylose Test
assesses a patient’s ability to respond to a glucose challenge. Abnormal responses suggest diabetes.	Glucose Tolerance Test
is measured for a number of reasons. Elevated levels are associated with increased cardiac disease and may be caused by certain diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases	Serum Cholesterol
levels are elevated with certain forms of cancer or inflammatory diseases.	Carcinoembryonic Antigen
require the measurement of exhaled gases after the ingestion of a labeled substance.	Breath Tests
the procedure to dilate the esophagus by using a weighted bougie to push through an esophageal narrowing.	Bougienage
is a bougie with a tapered end used in esophageal dilatation	Maloney Dilator
is a bougie filled with mercury for dilating the esophagus	Hurst dilator
are polyvinyl dilators that have a channel for a guide wire.	Salvary-Gilliard Dilators
are pneumatic balloons used to dilate the lower esophageal sphincter	Rigiflex Dilators
are the measurements used to designate the size of an esophageal dilator. It reflects the circumference of the dilator.	French Units
hollow aluminum cylinders with a heating coil to cause tissue coagulation	Heater Probes
an electrode used in electrocoagulation in which the probe delivers the current and completes the circuit.	Bipolar Probe
uses a single pole to produce coagulating current	Monopolar Electrocoagulation
Instruments used to deliver electrocoagulation therapy	Electrosurgical Units
occurs at 60 c and causes tissue coagulation	Photocoagulation
occurs at 100 c and cuts or destroys tissue	Photovaporization
is ethanolamine oleate, a sclerosing agent	Ethamolin
is used in tamponade with a gastric and esophageal balloon	Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube
is used in tamponade but has no esophageal balloon	Linton Tube
is used in tamponade. It has a gastric and esophageal balloon and also lumens to allow for both gastric and esophageal suction.	Minnesota Tube
is a surgical procedure for peptic ulcer disease in which the antrum of the stomach is removed with attachment of the duodenum to the remainder of the stomach	Billroth I
is a surgical procedure for peptic ulcer disease in which the upper duodenum and lower stomach are removed with the Jejunum being attached to the remainder of the stomach	Billroth II
is a surgical procedure that creates a pouch in the proximal area of the stomach. The Jejunum is attached to the pouch, and the duodenum is attached to the Jejunum	Roux-En-Y
results at birth with the esophagus ending blindly, unattached to the stomach.	Esophageal Atresia
is used to strengthen the LES by wrapping the stomach around the lower esophagus and suturing it in place.	Nissen Fundoplication
the lysis of red blood cells	Hemolysis
devices for long term use. They include central venous line devices and indwelling infusion ports.	Vascular Access Devices
the process by which solvents pass through a selectively permeable membrane	Osmosis
patient controlled intravenous access devices for the delivery of pain medication.	PCA or Patient - Controlled Analgesic
occurs when substances from the inserted intravenous line leak into surrounding tissue	Infiltration
blood used for prospective transplant patients because it reduces the likelihood of sensitization to tissue antigens .	Leukocyte-Poor Blood
an inflammation of the vein, which can occur as a complication of intravenous therapy.	Phlebitis
an opening through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.	Perforation
occurs when the individual has bloody stools.	Hematochezia
occurs when the individual produces odiferous, tarry stools	Melena
vomiting blood	Hematemesis
results in a perforation that occurs spontaneously, usually associated with vomiting	Boerhaave’s Syndrome
the presence of bacterial organisms in the blood	Bacteremia
a severe allergic reaction that results in cardiovascular collapse and possibly death.	Anaphylaxis
are periods of increased respirations interspersed with periods of decreased respirations	Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
a transient loss of consciousness due to a neurologic and cardiovascular response to fear or pain	Vasovagal Syncope
the inappropriate introduction of substances to the respiratory system	Aspiration
results when protein synthesis exceeds protein degradation	Positive Nitrogen Balance
results when protein degradation exceeds protein intake	Negative Nitrogen Balance
is provided for those who cannot eat but who have functioning bowels	Enteral Nutrition
requires insertion of a gastrostomy feeding tube via the endoscope	Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
nutritional supplementation for the patient with gastrointestinal dysfunction	Total Parenteral Nutrition
combined to form proteins	Amino Acids
nutrients that are inorganic	Minerals
nutrients that are organic	Vitamins
is pentagastrin, a drug used that causes an increase in gastric acid secretion	Peptavlon
is bentiromide, which helps evaluate the exocrine function of the pancreas	Chymex
is edrophonium chloride, used to simulate esophageal spasm	Tensilon
can be administered to investigate the exocrine function of the pancreas	Secretin
decreases motility, may be used for different procedures	Glucagon
cholecystokinin and is used to cause the gallbladder to contract	Kinevac
used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones	Chenix or chenodeoxycholic acid
used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones	Actigall or ursodeoxycholic acid
used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones	Monooctanoin
a narcotic analgesic that is especially useful in biliary or pancreatic diseases	Meperidine or Demerol
a narcotic analgesic associated with less nausea and vomiting	Fentanyl or Sublimaze
used to reverse sedation and respiratory depression caused by opioids	Narcan or Naloxone
can reverse the sedation of benzodiazepines	Romazicon or Flumazenil
used to Thrombose and fibrose varices	Sclerosing Agents
used to treat esophageal spasm	Isordil
a calcium channel blocker used to relax the LES	Procardia or Nifedipine
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach	Esophagus
the upper end of the esophagus	UES or Upper Esophageal Sphincter
where the esophagus joins the stomach	LES or Lower Esophageal Sphincter
the rhythmic, coordinated muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract	Peristalsis
the symptom of difficulty swallowing	Dysphagia
the symptoms of painful swallowing	Odynophagia
dilated, distended vessels in the esophageal wall	Esophageal Varices
an esophageal diverticulum or outpouching that is caused by UES dysfunction	Zenker’s Diverticulum
an inflammation of the mucosal lining	Esophagitis
a laceration in the esophageal lining	Mallory-Weis Tear
a dilation of the esophagus from abnormal peristalsis and/or high LES pressure	Achalasia
chaotic, simultaneous contractures of the esophageal musculature	Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
occurs with the replacement of normal squamous epithelial cells by non-squamous cells in the esophagus	Barrett’s Esophagus
results from an increase in the amplitude of peristaltic contractions	Nutcracker Esophagus
a combination of food with stomach secretions	Chyme
non-specific epigastric pain or nausea	Dyspepsia
gram negative organisms associated with peptic ulcer disease	Helicobacter pylori
called leather bottle stomach, a diffuse submucosal stomach cancer that causes fibrosis	Linitis plastica
a vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor	Pernicious anemia
an uncommon stomach lesion that protrudes into the stomach	Gastric polyp
gastric ulcers associated with severe stresses, such as illnesses and burns	Stress ulcers
occurs in infants and is more common in males. The pyloric sphincter resists passage of food to the intestines. This usually requires surgery.	Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
wrinkles in the stomach surface to allow for expansion	Rugae
responsible for releasing intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption	Parietal cells
The arrangement of the mucosa and submucosa that provides increased surface area in the small intestines	Plicae circulares
When the bowel twists around itself. It can cause ischemia.	Volvulus
Occurs when part of the intestine telescopes up the lumen of the adjacent intestine	Intussusception
Refers to excessively loud bowel sounds	Borborygmi
Occurs when the small intestinal lining lacks the enzyme lactase, causing diarrhea and malabsorption with lactose products.	Lactase deficiency
Occurs in individuals that lack beta-lipoproteins, which leads to build up of fat in the small intestines. This causes malabsorption.	Abetalipoproteinemia
Produced by the gastric parietal cell and allows for absorption of vitamin B12.	Intrinsic Factor
The area adjacent to the small intestinal villi responsible for replenishing the columnar epithelium.	Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Lymph collection / nodes in the ileum	Peyer’s Patches
Bulky, malodorous stool with excess fat content	Steatorrhea
Swollen blood vessels in the anal area. Internal occur above the internal sphincter; external below. Those from the internal area drain into the portal system, so diseases that lead to portal hypertension can lead to internal.	Hemorrhoids
Occurs when fecal material is not eliminated appropriately. The retained stool forms a solid collection that impedes further passage of stool.	Fecal Impaction
Caused when chronic constipation leads to involuntary stool leakage	Encopresis
A collection of pus in the anorectal area	Anorectal abscess
An abnormal formation of an opening in the peri-anal area, usually caused by an abscess.	Anorectal Fistula
Occurs when rectal tissue protrudes through the anus.	Rectal Prolapse
Results from deposits of bile pigments in certain tissues causing a yellowish discoloration	Jaundice
Pain caused by biliary tract stones	Biliary Colic
The term meaning that gallstones are located in the common bile duct or the hepatic duct.	Choledocholithiasis
Presents with cystitis in the absence of gallstones	Acalculous Cholecystitis
Refers to cholecystitis that demonstrates gas in the wall of the gallbladder or biliary ducts	Emphysematous cholecystitis
An inflammation of the gallbladder because a gallstone is obstructing the cystic duct	Acute Calculous Cholecystitis
Intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone in the ileum	Gallstone Ileus
Bacterial infection of the biliary ducts caused by obstruction	Cholangitis
An extra pancreatic duct that most people have, along with the duct of Wirsung.	Duct of Santorini
A pancreatic enzyme high in bicarbonate that is stimulated by acidic stomach products.	Secretin
An enzyme released by the duodenum that is stimulated by proteins and fats. It acts on the pancreas to stimulate pancreatic enzyme release	Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin
The appearance of a bluish tinge to the flanks secondary to bleeding from acute pancreatitis	Grey Turner’s Sign
The appearance of a bluish tinge around the umbilicus secondary to bleeding from acute pancreatitis	Cullen’s Sign
A collection of pancreatic debris surrounded by granulation tissue but without a true epithelial layer	Pseudocyst
A pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases	Whipple Operation
Refers to pancreatic tissue in sites other than the pancreas	Pancreatic Rest
Results when embryonic pancreatic tissue does not combine, causing two separate pancreatic ducts	Pancreas Divisum
Refers to a condition where embryonic tissue fails to combine and a portion of the pancreas surrounds the duodenum	Annular Pancreas
An inherited disorder involving pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia and growth problems	Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome
The connective tissue covering enveloping the liver	Glisson’s Capsule
The process the liver employs to convert glucose to glycogen for storage	Glycogenesis
The process the liver undertakes to convert glycogen to glucose	Glycogenolysis
The process the liver uses to synthesize glucose	Gluconeogenesis
Caused by portal hypertension leading to dilated vessels around the umbilicus	Caput Medusae
The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity	Ascites
Inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by infection, toxins, or immune reactions	Hepatitis
Massive hepatic cell death due to an insult, such as an infection or an exposure to a toxin	Fulminant Hepatic Failure
An inherited disease that causes a lack in the AAT enzyme, which can lead to liver and lung disease	Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency or AAT Deficiency
Results in scarring of the biliary duct system causing cholestasis and liver damage	Biliary Atresia

Created by: mer325