Psychology exam CLEP at SIUE
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Functionalism | show 🗑
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show | 1st school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components. Influenced experimental psychology
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William Wundt | show 🗑
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Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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show | Approach to psychology that empahsizes observable measurable behavior. (learning perspective)
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show | Focused on each individual's potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization. (Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers)
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Hierarcy Of Needs | show 🗑
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show | Branch of psychology that studies the mental process
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show | Specialized cells that are information processing units of the brain responsible for receiving and transmitting info.
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show | Tree-like extensions at the beginning of the neuron that help increase the surface area of the body and are covered with synapses. They receive info from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation
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show | Located at the end of the soma and controls the firing of the neuron.
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show | Elongated fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings and transmit the neural signal. Some are covered with a fatty substance called myelin.
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show | Located at the end of the neuron. Responsible for sending signal to other neurons.
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show | Gap at the end of terminal buttons
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show | Brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | show 🗑
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show | (hind brain) Sensory and motor nerves cross over
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show | (hindbrain) Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
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show | (hindbrain) Reflexes (balance) coordinates movement
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show | Hearing, vision, relay point pain registered
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show | (forebrain) Major messages relay center. Regulates higher brain centers and PNS
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show | (forebrain) Motivation, emotion and stress reactions
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Occipital Lobe | show 🗑
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Temporal Lobe | show 🗑
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show | Sensory projection, visual and spatial abilities
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Frontal Lobe | show 🗑
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show | Right-nonverbal and spacial tasks-controls left side of bodyLeft-Verbal tasks, controls right side of body
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show | Network of nuerons running through the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain that serve to arouse the higher parts of the brain.
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show | Ring of structures that work together to play an essential role in the formation of new membraines and influence emotion.
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Spinal Cord | show 🗑
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Endocrine Systems | show 🗑
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5 Stages of Personality Development (Freud) | show 🗑
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show | Secretes Thyroxin, doxy and sluggish
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Parathyroid | show 🗑
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Nature vs. Nurture | show 🗑
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show | Controls level of sugar
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show | Produces largest number of different hormones (master gland)
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Gonads | show 🗑
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Adrenal Glands | show 🗑
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Evolution | show 🗑
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Evolutionary Pyschology | show 🗑
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show | Passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain.
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show | Active process of selecting, organizing and interpreting information brought to the brain by senses.
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show | Decision making process as well as sensory processNoise-how much oustide interference existsCriterion-level of assurance that you decide must be met before you take action
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Visual System | show 🗑
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show | round transparent area allows light to pass thru eye
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Lens | show 🗑
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Retina | show 🗑
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show | Opening at the center of the iris which controls the amount of light
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Rods | show 🗑
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show | Day vision
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show | 3 types of color red, green, blue
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Opponent Process Theory | show 🗑
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show | Figure Ground-organize visual perceptionSimplicity-good form, grouping elements to make good formProximity-nearness, objects that are close often perceived at belonging togetherSimiliarity-sameContinuity-follow whatever direction we are led
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show | Incorrect perception caused by distortion of visual sensations. Reversible figures-two faces looking towards each other and also a vase image.Impossible figures-2-D cannot exist in 3D space despite our perception
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Perception of Pain | show 🗑
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show | Incoming pain must pass thru "gate" which is a nueral network controlled by brain to determine where the info should be sent
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show | Ability to feel pain, pressure, other sensations in limbs that are not there (either amputated or born without)
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show | Hypersuggestible or easily influenced. Can be described as imagined involvement
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show | Calming and focusing the mind, highly developed in Eastern cultures such as India and Japan
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Psychoactive Drugs | show 🗑
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show | Realize you're dreaming remain asleep and capable to experiment in the dream
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show | Process leading to relatively permanent behavior change or potential change. John B. Watson-As we learn we alter the way we perceive our environment, the way we interpret stimuli and therefore, the way we act or behave.
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show | Skinner was a well known behaviorist who followed Watson's research (1904-1990)
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Behavioral Psychology | show 🗑
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Classical Conditioning | show 🗑
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Operant Conditioning | show 🗑
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show | Postive-w/ dog a treat for sitting or doing trick (powerful)Negative-nagging to get teen to take out trash, nagging stops after teen does chore on own.Punishment-something aversive to decrease behavior Ex: spanking for misbehaving.
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Fixed Ratio | show 🗑
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Fixed Interval | show 🗑
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show | Applying reinforcer after a variable number of responses. Ex: Gambling on slot machine
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show | Boss that checks on work periodically, one will work harder because you know when the next check comes.
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6 Steps to Scientific Method | show 🗑
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show | 2 variables more into the same direction, increase and/or decrease together
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Serial Position Effect | show 🗑
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Control Group | show 🗑
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Negative Correlation | show 🗑
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show | Hamn nature is naturally positive and growth seeking
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Cognitive Perspective | show 🗑
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show | Simply observe variables
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show | we forget for a reason
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Neuroscience/biopsychology perspective | show 🗑
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show | The Group that recieves independent variable (manipulated by expermientor)
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Chunking | show 🗑
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show | Occurs when research participant are not represented of the larger population
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Shallow level of process | show 🗑
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show | Repeating info to obtain and maintain in short term memory
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show | 1st stage of memory that holds sensory info
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Experimentor Bias | show 🗑
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Pscyhoandytic Perspective | show 🗑
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show | storage in longer term memory in which info is actively reviewed and related to old info
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show | Desription, explanation, prediction, change
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The Focus of psychological scicen is the attempt to relate overt responses to observable environment stimuli." This statement is most closely associated with what method? | show 🗑
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Which type of research design is most appropriate for establishing a cause and affect relationship between two variables? | show 🗑
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Response latency is the number of seconds elapses between the stimuls and the response. | show 🗑
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show | An action potential
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A neuron is said to be polarized when... | show 🗑
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show | an extra chromosome
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How many pairs of chromosones are contained in most human cells? | show 🗑
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show | reduced sensitvity to touch
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show | Hallucinations and impaired efficiency in all areas of intellectual functioning
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Opponent Process Theory | show 🗑
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The receptors for hearing are the | show 🗑
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show | Rapid low amplitude waves
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show | REM
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show | Pain control
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show | Checking coin return every time one passes by a vending machine
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show | Making the amount of time a child can spend on playing video games contingent on the amount of time the child spends practicing the piano.
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show | Ivan Pavlov conditioned/unconditioned responses and stimulus
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Reinforcer | show 🗑
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show | Money
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Stimulus Generalization | show 🗑
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Retroactive Behavior | show 🗑
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show | Ex: If on the last day of psychology class a student is asked to remember what was done in class each day. Most likely only going to be able to remember the beginning and the end. Nothing in the middle
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Proactive Interference | show 🗑
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show | Rapid learning in a new situation
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show | Research has shown that students generally perform better if tested in the same room where they did their learning.
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Forgetting curve | show 🗑
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show | Sensory Memory; Short Term Memory; then Long Term Memory
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show | Always guarantee a solution in problem solving
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show | Set of Rules to increase the chances of solving a problem
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show | usually deductive, thinking in which ideas are examined for their logical validity or in which a set of rules is followed, e.g. in arithmetic
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One theory of the effects of arousal holds that efficiency of behavior can be described as an inverted U-Shape function of increasing arousal. | show 🗑
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Reduction | show 🗑
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Approach-Avoidance Conflict | show 🗑
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show | Ex: Young child breaks her cookie into a number of pieces and asserts that "now there is more to eat". Jean Piaget
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show | Denial; Anger; Bargaining; Depression; Acceptance
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show | Egocentric Thinking
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show | reasoning that constructs or evaluates deductive arguments.
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Displacement | show 🗑
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show | Sublimation is the refocusing of psychic energy (which Sigmund Freud believed was limited) away from negative outlets to more positive outlets.
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show | Carl Jung
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show | Ex: Lawrence is pessimistic, rigid, and moody. Hans Eysenck
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show | durability
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show | Delusions
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Etiology | show 🗑
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Obsession | show 🗑
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Somatization Disorder | show 🗑
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show | Problematic social relationships and inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress
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show | temporary loss of memory
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SSRI's Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are treatments for | show 🗑
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Friendship Formation | show 🗑
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Altruism | show 🗑
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show | Certain theraputic methods have been shown to be especially effective for particular psychological disorders
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show | Attempts to correct irrational beliefs that lead to psychological distress
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Bystander Effect | show 🗑
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Robert Sternberg's love theory | show 🗑
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show | turnover
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An attribution that focuses on an individual's ability or personality characteristic is described as | show 🗑
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show | small request to gain listeners' compliance then making a larger request
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Distribution with the greatest variability | show 🗑
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Positron emission tomorgraphy (PET) | show 🗑
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show | EX: A father uses operant conditioning to encourage his child to share. Now she is sharing more and more.
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The measure of central tendency can be easily distorted by unusually high or low scores | show 🗑
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show | an increase in eating disorder
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show | Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas-Easy, difficult, slow to warm up
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Systematic Desensitization | show 🗑
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