Parts of the Brain
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| Phrenology | Studying the bumps in a person's head to see their abilities or characteristics.
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| Localization of Function | Different areas of the brain do different things.
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| Biological Psychology | Studying the links between biological and psychological processes.
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| Biopsychological systems | Biology, Psychology, and sociology all link together.
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| Neurons | A nerve cell, the building blocks of the nervous system.
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| Dendrites | (listens) Bushy fibers that receive information and sends it to the cell body.
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| Axon | (Speaks) A fiber that sends the message to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
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| Myelin Shield | Fatty tissue incasing the axon, speeds up the impulses.
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| Action Potential | A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
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| Multiple Sclerosis | The myelin shield deteriates which leads to lack of communication, which leads to loss of muscle controls.
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| Depolarizes | The positive ions from outside the axon flow inside the axon to the negative ions, depolarizing.
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| Refractory Period | A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.
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| Excitatory | Pushing the neuron's excelerator.
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| Inhibitory | Pushing the neuron's break.
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| Threshold | The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse.
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| All or none response | A neuron will either fire or not, it doesn't have more intensity based on the stimulis.
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| Synapse | The tiny gap between a neurons axon and another neurons dendrite.
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| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that travel across the synapse.
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| Reuptake | The sending neuron reabsorbs the neurotransmitters.
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| Endorphin | A natural morphine in the body that eases pain and gives pleasure.
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| Agonist | Found in drugs works as a neurotransmitter to create a temporary high.
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| Antagonists | Binds to receptors while blocking neurotransmitters.
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| Nervous System | The electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The brain and spinal cord, makes decisions.
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| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Communicates.
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| Nerves | Bundled axons that form neural "cables" that connect the CNS with the muscles, glands, and sense organs.
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| Sensory (afferent) neurons | Carry sensory receptor info to the CNS.
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| Motor (efferent) neurons | Carry info from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
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| Interneurons | Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
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| Somatic Nervous System | (Skeletal nervous system) The part of PNS that controls your skeletal system.
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| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | The part of PNS that controls glands and muscles of internal organs.
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| Sympathetic nervous system | Arouses or expends energy. Part of the ANS.
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| Parasympathetic nervous system | Conserving energy.
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| Neural Networks | Work groups the brains neurons cluster into.
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| Reflexes | Simple, automatic responses to sensory stimulus. (A knee jerk response)
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| Endocrine System | The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secretes hormones into the blood stream.
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| Horomones | Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands and travel through the blood stream to effect other tissue.
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| Adrenal Glands | Endocrine glands above the kidneys, secrete hormones that arouse the body at times of stress (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
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| Pituitary Glands | Endocrine's most influential gland. Under the hypothalamus the gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
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| Lesion | A naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue.
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| EEG (Electroencephalogram) | A amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface. Measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. (Brain function)
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| CT scan (Computed tomography) | X-rays of the brain to detect damage. (Anatomy)
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| PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) | A visual of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain preforms a task. (Brain Function)
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| MRI | Reveals brain structure, functional MRI reveals brain function.
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| BrainStem | Oldest and most central part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions.
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| Pons | Helps coordinate movement.
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| Medulla | Controls pumping of the heart and breathing.
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| Thalamus | The brains sensory control center, on top of the brainstem.
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| Reticular Formation | A nerve network that travels through the brain stem, controls arousal.
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| Cerebellum | "little brain" processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance, and enables non-verbal learning.
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| Limbic System | neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; controls emotions and drives.
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| Amygdala | neural clusters linked to emotions.
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| Hypothalamus | A neural structure below the thalamus. Directs, eating, drinking, and body temperature. Governs the endocrine system, and is linked to emotion and reward.
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| Hippocampus | Process conscious memories.
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Created by:
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