Abnormal Psychology Exam 1
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| show | psychological disfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response
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| abnormal behavior | show 🗑
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| phobia | show 🗑
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| show | scientific study of psychological disorders
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| show | mental health professionals who are expectd to apply scientiic methods to their work. They must keep current in the latest research on diagnosis and treatment, they must evaluate their own methods for effectiveness, and they may generate own research...
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| show | original complaint reported by the client to the therapist. the acual treated problem may sometimes be a modification derived from the presenting problem
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| clinical description | show 🗑
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| show | number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
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| incidence | show 🗑
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| course | show 🗑
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| show | predicted future development of a disorder over time
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| etiology | show 🗑
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| exorcism | show 🗑
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| psychosocial | show 🗑
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| show | psychosocial approach in the 19th century that involved treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments
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| mental hygiene movement | show 🗑
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| psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| show | explanation of human behavior, including disfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology
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| unconscious | show 🗑
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| show | rapid or sudden releaase of emoional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytical therapy
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| show | complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based mainly on inferred inner forces
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| show | in psychoanalysis, the unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic drives
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| show | in psychoanalysis, the psychical entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy id drives
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| show | in psycholoanalysis, the psychical entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and society
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| intrapsychic conflicts | show 🗑
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| show | common patterns of behavorior, often adaptive coping styles when they occur in moderation, observed in response to particular situations. in psychoanalysis, these are thought to be unconscious processes origniating in the ego.
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| show | in psychoanalysis, the sequence of phases a person passes through during development. each stage is named for the location on the body where id gratification is maximizal at that time
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| show | in PA, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers
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| neurosis | show 🗑
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| show | .derived from PA, this theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorders in failure of the ego to manage imulses and internal conflicts
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| show | modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them
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| collective unconscious | show 🗑
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| free association | show 🗑
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| dream analysis | show 🗑
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| show | therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an MD or a PhD degree and receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training
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| show | psychoanalytic concept suggestigthe clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents
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| psychodynamic psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences
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| show | therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self- responsibility
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| show | acceptance by the counselor of the client's feelings and actions without judgment or condemnation
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| behavioral model | show 🗑
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| classical conditioning | show 🗑
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| extinction | show 🗑
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| show | early, nonscientific approach to the study of psychology involving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli triggered
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| show | behaviorial therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared stimulus aied with a positive coping experience, usually relaxation
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| behavior therapy | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning, consequences for behavior that strengthen it or icrease its frequency. +rein involves the contingent delivery of a desired consequence. -rein is the contingent escape from an aversive consequence...
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| shaping | show 🗑
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| show | an approach to the study of psychopathology that hold psychological disorders as always being the products of multiple interacting casual factors
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| genes | show 🗑
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| diathesis-stress model | show 🗑
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| vulnerability | show 🗑
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| show | hypothesis that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmentl ris factors that promote the disorder
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| show | study of the nervous system and its role in behavior, thoughts, and emotions
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| neuron | show 🗑
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| synaptic cleft | show 🗑
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| show | chemicals that cross the synaptic cleft between the nerve cells to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next. their relative excess or deficiency is involved in several psychological disorders
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| show | chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands
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| show | neurotransmitter currents or neural pathways in the brain
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| reuptake | show 🗑
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| show | chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects
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| show | in nueroscience, a chemical substance that decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter
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| show | chemical substance that produces effects opposite those of a particular neurotransmitter
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| glutamate | show 🗑
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| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | show 🗑
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| serotonin | show 🗑
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| show | NT active in the central and peripheral nervous systems, controlling heart rate, BP, and respiration, among other functions. it may also contribute to panic attacks
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| show | NT whose generalized function is to activate other neurotransmitters and to aid in exploratory pleasure-seeling behaviors. overdose related to schizo and deficit related to Parkinson's disease
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| show | field of study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve info
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| show | Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attributiont hat they have no control over the stress in their lives
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| show | learning through observation and imitation of te behavior of other individuals and condequences of that behavior
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| show | an ability has been adaptive for evolution, allowing certain associations can be learned more readily than others
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| show | condition of memory in which a person cannot recall past events despite acting in response to them
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| show | brain circuit in animals that when stimulated cuases an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic
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| emotion | show 🗑
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| show | enduring period of emotionality
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| show | conscious, subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time
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| equifinality | show 🗑
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| clinical assessment | show 🗑
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| diagnosis | show 🗑
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| reliability | show 🗑
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| validity | show 🗑
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| standardization | show 🗑
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| show | relatively carse prelimiary test of a client's judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state. typiclly done during initial interview
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| behavioral assessment | show 🗑
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| projective tests | show 🗑
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| personality inventories | show 🗑
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| show | score on an intelligence test estimating a person's deviation from average test performance
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| show | assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual's performance on behavioral tasks
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| show | assessment error in which pathology is reported test results are positive) when none is actually present
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| show | assessment error in which no pathology is notes (test results are negative) when one is actually present
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| neuroimaging | show 🗑
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| psychophysiological assessment | show 🗑
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| electroencephalogram (EEG) | show 🗑
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| show | close and detailed investigation of an individual emphasizing what makes that person unique
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| nomothetic strategy | show 🗑
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| show | assignment of objcts or people t categories on the basis of shared characteristics
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| show | system of naming and clssification (eg. of specimens) in science
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| nosology | show 🗑
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| nomenclature | show 🗑
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| show | classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a differnt known cause
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| show | method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather tahn on a binary, either-or, or all-or-none basis
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| prototypical approach | show 🗑
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| familial aggregation | show 🗑
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| comorbidy | show 🗑
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| labeling | show 🗑
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| show | enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness- or fear-inducing threat. person experiences trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased arousal
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| acute stress disorder | show 🗑
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| somatoform disorders | show 🗑
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| dissociative disorders | show 🗑
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| show | somatoform disorder involving severe anxiety over belief in having a disease process without any evident physical cause
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| somatization disorder | show 🗑
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| show | physical malfunctioning, such as blindness or paralysis, suggesting neurological impairment but with no organic pathology to account for it
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| show | deliberate faking of a physical or psychological disorder motivated by gain
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| show | .nonexistent physical or psychological disorder deliberately faked for no apparent gain except possibly sympathy and attention
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| pain disorder | show 🗑
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| show | somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance ("imagined ugliness")
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| show | situation in which the individual loses a sense of the reality of the external world
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| show | dissociative disorder in which feeligs of depersonalization are so severe they dominate the client's life and prevent normal functioning
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| show | dissociative disorder featuring the inability to recall personal information, usually of a stressful or traumatic nature
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| show | loss of memory of all personal information, including identity
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| localized or selective amnesia | show 🗑
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| dissociative fugue | show 🗑
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| dissociative trance disorder (DTD) | show 🗑
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| dissoctiative identity disorder (DID) | show 🗑
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| alters | show 🗑
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| show | group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionally ranging from elation to severe depression
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| major depressive episode | show 🗑
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| show | pweiod of abnormally excesive elation of euphoria, associated ith some mood disorders
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| show | less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one fo the criteria for several mood disorders
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| mixed manic episode | show 🗑
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| show | mood disorder involving one or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression) major depressive episodes
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| show | mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self esteem, withdrawal, pessimsm, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than two months
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| show | severe mood disorder typified by maor depressve episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder
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| show | extreme reation to the death of a loved one that involves psyychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy that persists for more than 2 months
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| bipolar II disorder | show 🗑
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| bipolar I disorder | show 🗑
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| cyclothymic disorder | show 🗑
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| show | motor movement disturbance seen in peope with some psychoses and mood disorders in which bod postures are wazy and can be "sculpted" to remain fixed for long periods
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| show | psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present
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| delusions | show 🗑
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| show | mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occuring during the winter
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| show | hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology
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| learned helplessness theory of depression | show 🗑
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| show | thinking errors in depressed people negatively focued in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, andtheir future
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| show | biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the bain to produce seizeures. the reason for its effectiveness are unknown
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| cognitive therapy | show 🗑
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| interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) | show 🗑
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| maintenance treatment | show 🗑
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| show | efforts to kill oneself
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| show | serious thoughts about committing suicide
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| show | postmortem (after death) psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death
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