Chapleau Ch. 24 Vocab
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| Eponymns | The naming of conditions and diseases for the physician or scientist who first discovred or classified them.
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| Axial Skeleton | Forms the central axis of the body and includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
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| Appendicular Skeleton | Includes the paired long bones of the body.
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| Osteoblasts | Cells that form bone.
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| Osteocytes | imprisoned within the mineralized matrix of the bone.
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| Osteoclasts | Cells that reabsorb bone for the purpose of growth and repair.
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| Cortical bone | Compact bone
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| Cancellous bone | Spongy bone
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| Periosteum | A thickened layer of connective tissue
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| Physis | distal end of bones.
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| Epiphysis | The portion of bone just beyond the growth plate.
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| Diaphysis | located between the epiphysis.
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| Inflammatory Response | The phase in healing that creates an environment for the repair to begin
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| Reparative phase | The phase in fracture healing when granulation tissue begins to infiltrate the area, forms callus, and stabilizes fractured bone ends.
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| Remodeling | The phase in fracture healing when the bone tends to return to its normal shape and contours; the callus is reabsorbed and replaced by new bone laid down following the original lines of stress of the bone.
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| Skelatal muscles | Major muscles associated with the musculoskeletal system; they are made up of striated, cylinder shaped cells, and can be controlled by choice (voluntary).
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| Tendons | Bands of connective tissue that bind muscles to bones.
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| Cartliage | The connective tissue that covers the epiphysis of joints and allows bones to attach to other bones.
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| Ligaments | Bands of connective tissue that support joints by attaching bone to bone.
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| Sprain | The damage that occurs as joints are stretched and ligaments are damaged.
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| Strain | Injury to the tendons of muscles.
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| Fibrous joints | Joints that are made of dense connective tissue that provide stability and permit only very slight movement
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| Cartilaginous joints | Joints that play a role early in life promoting growth and later become immobile.
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| Synovial Joints | Joints that are fluid filled to lubricate the articulations.
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| Luxation | Complete dislocation of a joint.
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| Subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint; can result in damage and instability of the joint.
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| Neurovascular bundle | refers to the association of nerves and blood vessels in close proximity to one another.
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| Reduction | The movement of misaligned bone ends or a displaced joint to restore proper alignment.
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| Open Fracture | Any soft tissue wound adjacent to a suspected fracture
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| Closed Fracture | A break in a bone that is not associated with an over lying skin wound tissue.
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| Incomplete Fracture | fracture that involves only one side of the bone.
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| Complete Fracture | A fracture that involves all of the layers of a bone.
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| Displaced fracture | a fracture where there is movement of the two bone fragments away from one another.
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| Nondisplaced fracture | a fracture where a break through the bone results in the two fragments remaining in alignment with one another.
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| Comminuted fracture | a fracture that involves several breaks in a bone.
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| Pathological fracture | a fracture that occurs through diseased bone due to an inherent underlying weakness.
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| Stress fracture | Break in a bone caused by repetitive, long term, or abnormal stress, usually occurs in the foot, common in athletes and soldiers.
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| Epiphyseal plate fracture | A fracture near, or through, the epiphyseal plate that can result in alternations to growth of the bone.
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| Nightstick fracture | A linear fracture resulting in two segments, often as a result of being struck on the arm with a stick.
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| Crush fracture | a comminuted or transverse fracture associated with extensive soft tissue injurty that usually results in significant morbidity.
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| Torus fracture | a fracture characterized by a buckling of one side of the cortex, usually in the metaphyseal region, and most often result from compressive forces.
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| Greenstick fracture | a fracture resulting from an angular force applied to a long bone that causes a break in the convex side of the cortex and a bowing of the concave side of the cortex; it may result in a bent deformity of the exremity.
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| Spiral fracture | a break in a bone that is caused by a rotational force or twisting motion.
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| Oblique fracture | Fractures of bones that occur at a slanting angle.
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| Fat embolism syndrome | fat globules that are released into the blood when a long bone is fractured.
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| Compartment syndrome | Syndome that is caused by increased pressure in an enclosed space that leads to compromise of circulation and function of tissues within the space.
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| Destot's sign | a superficial hematoma of the scrotum or perineum.
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| Hemarthrosis | blood that accumulates in a joint.
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