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Skeletal Trauma Voc
Chapleau Ch. 24 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eponymns | The naming of conditions and diseases for the physician or scientist who first discovred or classified them. |
| Axial Skeleton | Forms the central axis of the body and includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Includes the paired long bones of the body. |
| Osteoblasts | Cells that form bone. |
| Osteocytes | imprisoned within the mineralized matrix of the bone. |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that reabsorb bone for the purpose of growth and repair. |
| Cortical bone | Compact bone |
| Cancellous bone | Spongy bone |
| Periosteum | A thickened layer of connective tissue |
| Physis | distal end of bones. |
| Epiphysis | The portion of bone just beyond the growth plate. |
| Diaphysis | located between the epiphysis. |
| Inflammatory Response | The phase in healing that creates an environment for the repair to begin |
| Reparative phase | The phase in fracture healing when granulation tissue begins to infiltrate the area, forms callus, and stabilizes fractured bone ends. |
| Remodeling | The phase in fracture healing when the bone tends to return to its normal shape and contours; the callus is reabsorbed and replaced by new bone laid down following the original lines of stress of the bone. |
| Skelatal muscles | Major muscles associated with the musculoskeletal system; they are made up of striated, cylinder shaped cells, and can be controlled by choice (voluntary). |
| Tendons | Bands of connective tissue that bind muscles to bones. |
| Cartliage | The connective tissue that covers the epiphysis of joints and allows bones to attach to other bones. |
| Ligaments | Bands of connective tissue that support joints by attaching bone to bone. |
| Sprain | The damage that occurs as joints are stretched and ligaments are damaged. |
| Strain | Injury to the tendons of muscles. |
| Fibrous joints | Joints that are made of dense connective tissue that provide stability and permit only very slight movement |
| Cartilaginous joints | Joints that play a role early in life promoting growth and later become immobile. |
| Synovial Joints | Joints that are fluid filled to lubricate the articulations. |
| Luxation | Complete dislocation of a joint. |
| Subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint; can result in damage and instability of the joint. |
| Neurovascular bundle | refers to the association of nerves and blood vessels in close proximity to one another. |
| Reduction | The movement of misaligned bone ends or a displaced joint to restore proper alignment. |
| Open Fracture | Any soft tissue wound adjacent to a suspected fracture |
| Closed Fracture | A break in a bone that is not associated with an over lying skin wound tissue. |
| Incomplete Fracture | fracture that involves only one side of the bone. |
| Complete Fracture | A fracture that involves all of the layers of a bone. |
| Displaced fracture | a fracture where there is movement of the two bone fragments away from one another. |
| Nondisplaced fracture | a fracture where a break through the bone results in the two fragments remaining in alignment with one another. |
| Comminuted fracture | a fracture that involves several breaks in a bone. |
| Pathological fracture | a fracture that occurs through diseased bone due to an inherent underlying weakness. |
| Stress fracture | Break in a bone caused by repetitive, long term, or abnormal stress, usually occurs in the foot, common in athletes and soldiers. |
| Epiphyseal plate fracture | A fracture near, or through, the epiphyseal plate that can result in alternations to growth of the bone. |
| Nightstick fracture | A linear fracture resulting in two segments, often as a result of being struck on the arm with a stick. |
| Crush fracture | a comminuted or transverse fracture associated with extensive soft tissue injurty that usually results in significant morbidity. |
| Torus fracture | a fracture characterized by a buckling of one side of the cortex, usually in the metaphyseal region, and most often result from compressive forces. |
| Greenstick fracture | a fracture resulting from an angular force applied to a long bone that causes a break in the convex side of the cortex and a bowing of the concave side of the cortex; it may result in a bent deformity of the exremity. |
| Spiral fracture | a break in a bone that is caused by a rotational force or twisting motion. |
| Oblique fracture | Fractures of bones that occur at a slanting angle. |
| Fat embolism syndrome | fat globules that are released into the blood when a long bone is fractured. |
| Compartment syndrome | Syndome that is caused by increased pressure in an enclosed space that leads to compromise of circulation and function of tissues within the space. |
| Destot's sign | a superficial hematoma of the scrotum or perineum. |
| Hemarthrosis | blood that accumulates in a joint. |
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