Literary Study Stack
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| First person | one of the characters, using the personal pronoun “I,” tells the story.
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| Third person omniscient | the narrator knows (sees) everything about ALL the characters and their problems; can tell the reader what characters are thinking and what is happening in several places at one time; is not part of the story’s action at all.
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| Third person limited | the narrator is not part of the story’s action and focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only ONE character (LIMITED to that person); the reader observes the action through only one of the characters in the story.
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| Protagonist | main character
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| Antagonist | character that opposes the main character
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| Static | a character who stays the same
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| Characterization | A description of the distinctive nature or features of someone or something. This includes how a character speaks, acts, feels, and how other characters talk to/about the character. Often listed as one-word adjectives.
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| Motivation | The reason(s) a character behaves in a certain way. Among the many reasons for a person’s behavior are feelings, experiences, and commands by others.
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| Setting | The time AND place during which a story is set
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| Tone | The author’s attitude (feelings) toward his/her subject matter, characters, and audience. Tone is interpreted through the author’s choice of words similar to the way a person’s tone of voice adds meaning to what they say.
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| Atmosphere | the physical surrounding that adds to the overall feeling of a story
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| Mood | the way a reader feels as he/she reads a story as described with one or two adjectives.
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| Internal Conflict | a struggle within a character’s own mind over feelings or a decision
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| External Conflict | a struggle between a character and an outside force.
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| Suspense | The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader feels about what will happen next in the story.
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| Suspense | The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader feels about what will happen next in the story.
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| Symbolism | A person, a place, a thing, or an event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well.
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| Motif | Any element of a story that is repeated in different stories at different times. Motifs can be a character, an image, or a storyline!
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| Theme | The overall message or truth about life in a piece of literature.
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| Forshadowing | The use of clues or hints to suggest events that will occur later in the story. Foreshadowing is used to build suspense or anxiety for the reader.
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| Flashback | Interruption in the present action of a plot to show events that happened at an earlier time.
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| Situational Irony | what happens is very different from what we expected would happen
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| Verbal Irony | a contrast between what is said or written and what is really meant
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| Dramatic Irony | the reader/audience knows something the characters don’t know
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| Allusion | A reference to a statement, a person, a place, or an event from literature, the arts, history, religion, mythology, sports,
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| Simile | A comparison of two things that are not alike using words such as “like” or “as.”
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| Metaphor | A comparison of two things that are not alike where one becomes the other.
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| Alliteration | Repetition of the same beginning consonant sound of words that are close together.
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| Personification | An object or animal is spoken about as if it had human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.
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| Onomatopoeia | Words whose sounds imitate or suggest their meaning.
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| Imagery | Language that appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell.
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| Rhyme Scheme | Rhymed poetry is identified by the pattern of the rhyming lines (based upon the last word in the line) and identified by LETTERS
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| Free Verse | Free verse poetry does not have a regular rhyme scheme and resembles prose
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| Hyperbole | Overstating something for the purpose of creating a comic effect.
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Popular English Verbs sets