Full Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The organization of cells and their small size allow them to maintain _________, an appropriate internal environment. | homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ _________ is a structurally distinctive surface membrane that surrounds all cells. | Plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Most cells have internal structures, called ________, that are specialized to carry out metabolic activities such as converting energy to usable forms, synthesizing needed compounds, and manufacturing structures necessary for functioning and reproduction. | organelles
🗑
|
||||
| 1 meter = 1000 ____________ | millimeters
🗑
|
||||
| 1 millimeter = 1000 _________ | micrometers
🗑
|
||||
| 1 micrometer = 1000 ________ | nanometers
🗑
|
||||
| 1/billionth of a meter is called a ________. | nanometer
🗑
|
||||
| Everything that enters or leaves a cell must pass through its __________. | plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| A critical factor in determining cell size is the ratio of its surface area (plasma membrane) to its __________. | volume
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ are fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that significantly increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients and other materials. | microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Sperm cells have long, whiplike tails, called __________, for locomotion. | flagella
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ microscope, the type used by most students, consists of a tube with glass lenses at each end. | light (LM) or compound
🗑
|
||||
| What microscope does this describe?: Visible light passes through the specimen being observed and through the lenses. Light is refracted (bent) by the lenses, magnifying the image. | light microscope (LM) aka compound microscope
🗑
|
||||
| What two features of a microscope determine how clearly a small object can be observed? | magnification and resolving power
🗑
|
||||
| _________ is the ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object. | Magnification
🗑
|
||||
| ___________ is the capacity to distinguish fine detail in an image; it is defined as the minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately rather than as a single, blurred point. | Resolution or resolving power
🗑
|
||||
| In ___________ microscopy, an image is formed by transmitting light through a cell. | bright-field
🗑
|
||||
| In __________ microscopy, rays of light are directed from the side and only scattered light enters the lenses. | dark-field
🗑
|
||||
| Cell biologist use the _____________ microscope to detect the locations of specific molecules in cells. | fluorescence
🗑
|
||||
| In the _________ microscope, filters transmit light that is emitted by fluorescently stained molecules. | fluorescence
🗑
|
||||
| Some fluorescent stains are chemically bonded to ___________, protein molecules important in internal defense. | antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ microscopy produces a sharper image than standard fluorescence microscopy. | Confocal
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ microscope, which came into wide use in the 1950's, enables you to study fine details, or ultra-structure, of cells. | electron (EM)
🗑
|
||||
| What are two types of electron microscopes? | Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
🗑
|
||||
| In ________ electron microscopy, the specimen is embedded in plastic and then cut into extraordinarily thin sections with a glass or diamond knife and then place a small metal grid and the electron beam passes through the specimen. | transmission
🗑
|
||||
| In the _________ electron microscope, the specimen is coated with a thin film of gold or some other metals, provides 3D picture of surface. | scanning electron microscope
🗑
|
||||
| ____ __________ is a technique for purifying different parts of the cells so that they can be studied by physical and chemical methods. | Cell fractionation
🗑
|
||||
| Generally, cells are broken apart as gently as possible and the cell extract is subjected to centrifugal force by spinning in a device called a __________. | centrifuge
🗑
|
||||
| In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is stored in a limited region of the cell called a __________, which is not enclosed by a membrane. | nuclear area or nucleoid
🗑
|
||||
| Most prokaryotic cells have ____ ____, which are extracellular structures that enclose the entire cell, including the plasma membrane. | cell walls
🗑
|
||||
| Many prokaryotes have __________, long fibers that project from the surface of the cell. | flagella
🗑
|
||||
| The dense internal material of the bacterial cell contains __________, small complexes of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein that synthesize polypeptides. | ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| ________ cells are characterized by highly organized membrane-enclosed organelles, including a prominent nucleus, which contains the hereditary material, DNA. | Eukaryotic
🗑
|
||||
| Biologist refer to the part of the cell outside the nucleus as ________. | cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| The part of the cell within the nucleus is referred to as ________. | nucleoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Various organelles are suspended within the fluid component of the cytoplasm, which is called the _________. | cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| _________ are structures that trap sunlight for energy conversion. | chloroplasts
🗑
|
||||
| _________ are small, membrane-enclosed sacs formed by "budding" from the membrane of another organelle. | vesicles
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ is the most prominent organelle in the cell. | nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ _______ consists of two concentratic membranes that seperate the nuclear contents from the surrounding cytoplasm. | nuclear envelope
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclear _______ regulate the passage of materials between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. | pores
🗑
|
||||
| A fibrous network of protein filaments, called the nuclear _______, forms an inner lining for the nuclear envelope. | lamina
🗑
|
||||
| DNA molecules consist of sequences of nucleotides called _______, which contain the chemically coded instructions for producing the proteins needed by the cell. | genes
🗑
|
||||
| The nucleus controls protein synthesis by transcribing its information in ________. | mRNA (messenger RNA)
🗑
|
||||
| DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex known as ___________, which appears as a network or granules and stands. | chromatin
🗑
|
||||
| Because DNA molecules are very long and thin, they must be packed inside the nucleus in a very regular fashion as part of structures called __________. | chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| __________ are tiny particles found free in the cytoplasm or attached to certain membranes. They consist of RNA and proteins synthesized by the nucleolus. | Ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| __________ contain the enzyme necessary to form peptide bonds, and when their two subunits join, they function as manufacturing plants that assemble polypeptides. | ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Description: Large structure surrounded by double membrane; contains nucleolus and chromosomes. | Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Function: Information in DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis; specifies cell proteins. | Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Description: Granular body within nucleus; consists of RNA and proteins. | Nucleolus
🗑
|
||||
| Function: Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis; ribosome subunit assembly. | Nucleolus
🗑
|
||||
| Description: Composed of a complex of DNA and protein known as chromatin; condense during cell division, becoming visible as rodlike structures. | Chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Function: Contain genes that govern structure and activity of cell. | Chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is membrane boundary of cell. | plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that encloses cell contents; regulates movement of materials in and out of cell; helps maintain cell shape; communicates with other cells. | plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is granules composed of RNA and protein; some attached to ER, some free in cytosol. | ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that synthesizes polypeptides in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is a network of internal membranes extending through cytoplasm. | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that synthesizes lipids and modifies many proteins; origin of intracellular transport vesicles that carry proteins. | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
🗑
|
||||
| Lacks ribosomes on outer surface of ER. | smooth ER
🗑
|
||||
| Ribosomes stud outer surface of ER. | Rough ER
🗑
|
||||
| Part of ER that manufactures proteins. | rough ER
🗑
|
||||
| Part of ER that is responsible for lipid synthesis; drug detoxification; and calcium ion storage. | smooth ER
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is stacks of flattened membrane sacs | Golgi complex
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is membraneous sacs (in animals) | lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that modifies proteins; packages secreted proteins; sorts other proteins to vacuoles and other organelles. | Golgi complex
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that contains enzymes that break down ingested materials, secretions, and waste. | Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles with membraneous sacs (mostly in plants, fungi, algae) | vacuoles
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles that store materials waste, water; maintain hydrostatic pressure. | vacuoles
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles with membraneous sacs containing a variety of enzymes. | peroxisomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is the site of many diverse metabolic reactions; e.g. break down fatty acids. | peroxisomes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles with sacs consisting of two membranes; inner membrane is folded to form cristae and encloses matrix. | mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is the site of most reactions of cellular respiration; transformation of energy originating from glucose or lipids into ATP energy. | mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles with double-membrane structure enclosing internal thylakoid membranes; chloroplasts contain chlorophyll in thylakoid membranes. | Plastids (e.g. chloroplast)
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that is site of photosynthesis | plastids (e.g. chloroplast)
🗑
|
||||
| ________ are hollow tubes made of subunits of tubulin protein. | Microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| _________ provide structural support; have role in cell and organelle movement and cell division; components of cilia, flagella, centrioles, basal bodies. | microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| ________ are solid, rodlike structures consisting of actin protein. | microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| __________ provide structural support; play role in cell and organelle movement and cell division. | microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| _________ _________ are tough fiber made of protein. | intermediate filaments
🗑
|
||||
| ________ help strengthen cytoskeleton; stabilize cell shape. | intermediate filaments
🗑
|
||||
| ________ are a pair of hollow cylinders located near nucleus; each consists of nine microtubule triplets. | centrioles
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ ___________ forms a network that makes up a significant part of the total volume of the cytoplasm in many cells. | endoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| The ______ ER is the primary site for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol needed to make cell membranes. | smooth
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ ER plays a central role in the synthesis and assembly of proteins. | rough
🗑
|
||||
| __________ are protein complexes in the cytosol that direct the destruction of defective proteins. | proteasomes
🗑
|
||||
| The Golgi Complex consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called __________. | cisternae
🗑
|
||||
| The Golgi complex processes, sorts, and modifies _________. | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| _________ are small sacs of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of most animals. | Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| The membrane of a vacuole is called the ______. | tonoplast
🗑
|
||||
| __________ are membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes that catalyze an assortment of metabolic reactions in which hydrogen is transferred from various compounds to oxygen. | Peroxisomes
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical energy is most commonly stored in ______. | ATP
🗑
|
||||
| ______ ________ is the oxygen-requiring process that includes most of the reactions that convert the chemical energy present in certain foods to ATP. | aerobic respiration
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ space is the compartment formed between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. | intermembrane
🗑
|
||||
| The ________, the compartment enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane, contains enzymes that break down food molecules and convert their energy to other forms of chemical energy. | matrix
🗑
|
||||
| _____________ are toxic, highly reactive compounds with unpaired electrons, | free radicals
🗑
|
||||
| _______________ is a set of reactions during which light energy is transformed into the chemical energy of glucose and other carbohydrates. | photosynthesis
🗑
|
||||
| ________ is a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis. | chlorophyll
🗑
|
||||
| Chloroplast contain a variety of light-absorbing yellow and orange pigments known as _________. | carotenoids
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ is a dense network of protein fibers that give the cell mechanical strength, shape, and their ability to move. | cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| ________ is a motor protein that moves organelles toward the plus end of a microtubule. | kinesin
🗑
|
||||
| _________ is a motor protein that transports organelles toward the minus end of a microtubule. | Dynein
🗑
|
||||
| The _______ _________ serves as a framework for the orderly distribution of chromosomes during cell division. | mitotic spindle
🗑
|
||||
| _____________ are flixible, solid fibers about 7 nm in diameter; consists of two intertwined polymer chains of beadlike actin molecules. | microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| Most eukaryotic cells are surrounded by __________, formed by polysaccharide side chains of proteins and lipids that are part of the plasma membrane. | glycocalyx or cell coat
🗑
|
||||
| Many animal cells are surrounded by an ________________, which they secrete; it consists of a gel of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins. | extracellular matrix (ECM)
🗑
|
||||
| __________ are proteins that serve as membrane receptors for the ECM. | integrins
🗑
|
||||
| Plant cells have thick cell walls that contain tiny fibers composed of the polysaccharide ____________. | cellulose
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Grace Perry
Popular Biology sets