N170 Diabetes Study Aid
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Hyperglycemia | FBS >110mg/dl
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| Hypoglyemia | Blood Glucose <60mg/dL
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| Risk Factors | BMI >27, HTN >140/90, family history, elevated triglycerides & HDL
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| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | FBS 110-126mg/dL
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| Diabetes Mellitus | FBS >126mg/dL
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| Ketone | By product of Fat breakdown; circulate in both blood and urine
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| Glycated Hemoglobin | HgbA1C; normally 4-6 %, or 4.0-6.0
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| Rapid Acting Insulins | Aspart =(Novolog) Lispro =(Humolog)
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| Short Acting Insulins | Humolog R; Novolog R; Iletin II R
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| Intermediate Acting Insulins | NPH; Humulin N; Novolin N; Novolin L
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| Long Acting Insulins | Ultralente
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| Very Long Acting Insulins | Glargine (Lantus)
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| Lantus Insulin | Onset = 1 hour. Peakless = used as a basal insulin. Duration = 24 hours
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| Lispro (Humalog) Onset | Onset = 10-15 minutes
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| Lispro (Humalog) Peak | Peak = 1 hour
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| Lispro (Humalog)Duration | Duration = 2-4 hours
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| Aspart (Novolog)Onset | Onset = 5-15 min
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| Aspart (Novolog)Peak | Peak = 40-50 minutes
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| Aspart (Novolog) Duration | Duration = 2-4 hours
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| Humolog R or Novolin R Peak *usually administered 20-30 minutes before meal | Peak = 2-3 hours
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| Humolog R or Novolin R Onset | Onset = 1/2-1 hour
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| Humolog R or Novolin R Duration | Duration = 4-6 hours
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| NPH Onset *Usually administered after food | Onset = 2-4 hours
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| NPH Peak | Peak = 4-12 hours
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| NPH Duration | Duration = 16-20 hours
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| Humulin N or Novolin N ONset | Onset = 3-4 hours
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| Humulin N or Novolin N Peak | Peak = 4-12 hours
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| Humulin N or Novolin N Duration | Duration = 16-20 hours
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| Ultra Lente Onset*used primarily to control Fasting Glucose | Onset = 6-8 hours
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| Ultra Lente Peak | Peak = 12-16 hours
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| Ultra Lente Duration | Duration 20-30 hours
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| Lente Onset | Onset = 3-4 hours
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| Lente Peak | Peak = 4-12 hours
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| Lente Duration | Duration 16-20 hours
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| Sulfonylureas | Chlorpopamide (Diabenese);Tolazamide (Tolinase);Tolbutamide (Orinase);Aceohexamide * "mide" - sulfonylurea
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| Sulfonylureas | Glipizide (Glucatrol);Glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta);Glimepiride (Amaryl) *"ide" = sulfonylureas
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| Biguanides | Metformin (Glucophase, Glucophage)
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| Alpha Glugosidase Inhibitors | Acarbose (Precose); Miglitol (Glyset)
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| Non- Sulfonylurea Insulin Secretagogues | Repalinide (Prandin)= meglitinide
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| Thiaxolidinediones (glitazones) | Pioglitazone Actos); Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
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| SulfonylureaMechanism of Action | Oral Antidiabetic Agent that: Stimulates Beta cells to secrete insulin
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| Biguanides | Oral Antidiabetic Agent that: Inhibits production of glucose by the liverAlso increases body tissue sensitivity to insulin
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| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors | Oral Antidiabetic Agent that: Does not increase insulin secretion. Delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine resulting in slow entry of glucose into systemic circulation
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| Non-Sulfonylurea Insulin Secretagogues | Oral Antidiabetic Agent that: Stimulates pancreas to increase insulin
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| Thiazolidinediones | Oral Antidiabetic Agent that: Increases body tissue sensitivity to insulin; stimulate insulin receptor sites to lower blood glucose and improves the action of insulin
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| S&S Hypoglycemia | Adrenergic symptoms-Increased epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in;sweating, tremor, tachycardia nervousness and hunger
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| S&S Hypoglycemia | CNS Symptoms: headache, inability to concentrate, lightheadedness, confusion, numbness of the lips and tongue, irrational behavior, dowble vision, drowsiness progressing to seizures and loss of consciousness.
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| S&S Hyperglycemia | Symptoms -Polyuria; Polydipsia; Orthostatic hypotension; Acetone Breath "fruity breath"
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| Long Term Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | Coronary Artery Disease, Cerebral Vasular Disease & Peripheral Vascular Disease
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| Long Term Complications of DM | Retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma
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| Long Term Complications of DM | Nephropathy - renal disease
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