ARRT registry review covering procedures content area
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| 1. AP axial (Towne) skull (pg 169) | OML vertical, MSP perpendicular
CR 30 degrees cadual to 1.5 inches above glabella (37 degrees to IOML)
projects the dorsum sella and posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum
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| 2. lateral skull (pg 169) | IOML and MSP parallel
CR perpendicular to 2 inches above EAM
superimposition of cranial and facial structures, anterior and posterior clinoid processes, and supraorbital margins
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| 3. PA axial (Caldwell) skull (pg 169) | OML perpendicular
CR 15 degrees caudal to nasion
Petrous ridges in the lower 1/3 of orbits
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| 4. PA skull (pg 169) | OML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to nasion
Petrous ridges should fill orbits
Demonstrates frontal bone, lat cranial walls, frontal sinuses, and crista galli
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| 5. SMV skull (pg 169) | IOML parallel
CR perpendicular to IOML, enters MSP at level of sella
sphenoid and maxillary sinuses seen
dens seen through foramen magnum
symmetrical projection of petrous pyramids w mandibular condyles projected anterior to petrosae
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| 6. trauma CTL skull (pg 169) | MSP and CR parallel, inter pupillary line perpendicular
CR horizontal, perpendicular to 2 inches lateral above EAM
dorsal decub projection, can demonstrate sphenoid sinus effusion as the only sign of basal skull fx
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| 7. trauma AP axial skull (pg 169) | OML perpendicular
CR 15 degrees cephalic to nasion
Petrous ridges lower 1/3 of orbits
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| 8. trauma AP skull (pg 169) | OML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to nasion
petrous pyramids should fill orbits
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| 9. How many cranial bones are there and what are they? (pg 163) | 8: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid
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| 10. lateral facial bones (pg 172) | IOML parallel
CR perpendicular to zygoma (halfway between outer canthus and EAM)
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| 11. parietoacanthial (Waters) facial bones (pg 172) | OML 37 degrees to IR, MML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to exit acanthion
Best single projection for facial bones
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| 13. modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) facial bones (pg 172) | chin extended to OML is 55 degrees to IR, LML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to exit acanthion
produces less distortion of orbital rims than regular Waters
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| 14. axiolateral oblique mandible (pg 174) | IPL perpendicular
IR centered 1/2 inch anterior and 1 inch inferior to EAM
CR 25 degrees cephalic to exit mandibular area of interest/at unaffected side (with 15 degree head tilt=angle 10 degrees less)
Projection especially for seeing body and rami
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| 15. PA mandible (pg 174) | OML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to exit junction of lips
Projection especially for seeing body and rami
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| 16. AP axial (Towne) mandible (pg 174) | OML perpendicular
CR 30 degrees caudal through the midramus (37 degrees to IOML)
Rami seen free of superimposition
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| 17. PA axial mandible (pg 174) | OML perpendicular
CR 25 degrees cephalic to glabella
projection for seeing rami and condyles
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| 18. PA (modified Waters) mandible (pg 174) | AML nearly perpendicular
CR perpendicular to exit level of the lips
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| 19. SMV mandible (pg 174) | IOML parallel
CR perpendicular to IOML, at 1.5 inches below mandibular symphysis
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| 20. axiolateral oblique (modified Law) TMJ (pg 175) | IOML perpendicular, rotate face 15 degrees toward IR
CR 15 degrees caudal, enters 1.5 inch superior to upside EAM (exit lowermost TMJ)
Seeing axiolateral of TMJ side down
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| 21. axiolateral (modified Schuller) TMJ (pg 175) | IOML perpendicular
CR 25 degrees caudal to exit lowermost TMJ (1.5 inch anterior and 2 inch superior to EAM)
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| 22. AP axial (modified Towne) TMJ (pg 175) | OML perpendicular
CR 35 degree caudal to pass 1 inch anterior to TMJ
projection for condyloid processes and their articulations
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| 23. parietoacanthial (Waters) nasal bones (pg 173) | MML perpendicular
CR perpendicular to exit acanthion
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| 24. lateral nasal bones (pg 173) | IPL perpendicular
CR perpendicular to 1/2 inch below the nasion
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| 25. PA axial (Caldwell) nasal bones (pg 173) | OML perpendicular
CR 15 degrees caudal to exit nasion
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| 26. How many facial bones are there and what are they? (pg 165) | 14: 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 zygomatic, 2 maxillae, vomer, and mandible
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| 27. At what level is the vertebral prominence? (handout) | C7
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| 28. At what level is the jugular notch? (handout) | T2-3
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| 29. At what level is the xiphoid tip? (handout) | T10
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| 30. At what level is the inferior costal margin? (handout) | L2-3
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| 31. At what level is the iliac crest? (handout) | L4-5
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| 32. At what level is the ASIS? (handout) | L5-S1
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| 33. What percentage of the population is hypersthenic? (handout) | 5%
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| 34. What percentage of the population is sthenic? (handout) | 50%
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| 35. What percentage of the population is hyposthenic? (handout) | 35%
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| 36. What percentage of the population is asthenic? (handout) | 10%
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| 37. What part of the cervical vertebral corresponds to the ear of the scottie dog? (handout) | superior articular process
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| 38. What part of the cervical vertebral corresponds to the foot of the scottie dog? (handout) | inferior articular process
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| 39. What part of the cervical vertebral corresponds to the neck of the scottie dog? (handout) | pars interarticularis
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| 40. What part of the cervical vertebral corresponds to the eye of the scottie dog? (handout) | pedicle
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| 41. What part of the cervical vertebral corresponds to the nose of the scottie dog? (handout) | transverse process
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| 42. In what projections of the C, T, and L-spine, will the intervertebral disc spaces be seen? (handout) | AP and Lateral
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| 43. In what projection of the C spine, will the articular facets spaces be seen? (handout) | Lateral (see closest side)
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| 44. In what projection of the C spine, will the intervertebral foramen be seen? (handout) | 45 degree oblique
(PO=see side away, AO=closest side)
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| 45. In what projection of the T spine, will the articular facets spaces be seen? (handout) | 70 degree oblique (15 degree from lateral)
(PO=see side away, AO=closest side)
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| 46. In what projection of the T spine, will the intervertebral foramen be seen? (handout) | Lateral (see closest side)
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| 47. In what projection of the L spine, will the articular facets spaces be seen? (handout) | 45 degree oblique
(PO=see closest side, AO=side away)
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| 48. In what projection of the L spine, will the intervertebral foramen be seen? (handout) | Lateral (see closest side)
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| 49. What anatomy is in the RUQ? (6 structures) (handout) | liver, gallbladder, duodenum, hepatic flexure, rt. kidney, and head of the pancreas
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| 50. What anatomy is in the LUQ? (5) (handout) | stomach, spleen, lt. kidney, tail of the pancreas, and splenic flexure
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| 51. What anatomy is in the RLQ? (5) (handout) | appendix, ileocecal valve, cecum, ascending colon, and 2/3 of the ileum
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| 52. What anatomy is in the LLQ? (3) (handout) | sigmoid colon, descending colon, and 2/3 of the jejunum
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| 53. What are the 3 classifications of bony articulations? (pg 102) | synarthrotic (immovable)
amphiarthrotic (partially movable)
diarthrotic (freely movable)
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| 54. What are some types of diarthrotic joints? (pg 103) | gliding (plane), ball and socket (spheroid), pivot (trochoid), condyloid (ellipsoid), hinge (ginglymus), saddle (sellar), and bicondylar (biaxial)
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| 55. What joint type is the simplest motion, least movement, smooth/sliding motion? (pg 103) | gliding (plane)
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| 56. What joint type permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction with more motion distally and less proximally? (pg 103) | ball and socket (spheroid)
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| 57. What joint type permits rotation around a single axis? (pg 103) | pivot (trochoid)
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| 58. What joint type permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction (no axial)? (pg 103) | condyloid (ellipsoid)
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| 59. What joint type permits flexion and extension? (pg 103) | hinge (ginglymus)
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| 60. What joint type flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction (no rotation)? (pg 103) | saddle (sellar)
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| 61. What joint type is the principal motion in one direction, limited rotation motion?( pg 103) | bicondylar (biaxial)
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| 62. Examples of gliding (plane): (pg 103) | inter carpal/tarsal joints, AC joints, and costovertebral joints
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| 63. Examples of ball and socket (spheroid) include: (pg 103) | shoulder and hip
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| 64. Examples of pivot (trochoid) include: (pg 103) | proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint
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| 65. Examples of condyloid (ellipsoid) include: (pg 103) | radiocarpal joint and MCP joints
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| 66. Examples of hinge (ginglymus) include: (pg 103) | elbow, IP joints, and ankle
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| 67. Examples of saddle (sellar) include: (pg 103) | 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
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| 68. Examples of bicondylar (biaxial) include: (pg 103) | TMJ joint and knee
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