Body Mechanics Mobility
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| Four types of bones | short long flat irregular
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| union of 2 or more bones | joint
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| what is the primary function of the joint? | to move
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| a small fluid-filled sac that provides a cushion at friction points in the joints | bursa
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| striated muscles surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | skeletal muscles
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| fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone | tendon
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| connects bone to cartilage | ligament
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| fibrous connective tissue; acts as a cushion | cartillage
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| functions of a bone | 1) provide a scaffolding to support the body 2) gives shape to the body and support the internal organs and skin 3) provide places for ligaments and tendons to attach to facilitate movement
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| functions of muscle | 1) can stretch 2) provide movement 3) stabilize joints 4) produce heat 5) maintain posture
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| 1) bone mass loss may lead to osteoperosis (women) 2) loss of bone density predisposes the elderly to fractures | changes occurring with aging
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| principles of body movement for nursing: - one of the most common injuries in health care workers | lower back strength
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| principles of body movement for nursing: - get help whenever possible; ask patient to help if able. what else? | use your leg muscles, bend and flex your knees
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| name two of the principle of body movement for nurses | 1) keep feet approx shoulder width apart 2) avoid jerking and sudden pulling movements
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| when moving and lifting patients... | 1) keep elbows close and work close to your body 2) raise bed to your waist level 3) ask for help!!
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| when moving and lifting patients... | pulling actions require less effort that pushing!!!
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| name two basic principles of the body movement and alignment for patients | 1) maintain correct anatomic position 2) change position frequently
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| pressure ulcers are also known as | derubitis or bed sores
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| 2 main factors in developing of pressure ulcers ********** | 1) pressure 2) shearing force
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| occurs when pressure on the skin causes a local area of tissue (necrosis) | pressure ulcers
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| occurs most often between bony prominence and an external surface | pressure ulcers
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| applied downward and forward on tissue beneath the skin | shearing force
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| how to prevent ulcers | range of motion
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| what are the commonly used for nursing diagnoses | 1) risk for injury 2) impaired physical mobility 3) risk for impaired skin integrity 4) impaired walking
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| planning - after patient dangles feet, monitor the following: | 1) orthostatic hypotension 2) dizziness 3) nausea or vomiting
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| Positioning: accomplishes four objectives - | 1) provides comfort 2) relieves pressure on bony premises and other parts relieving patient's risk of developing bed sores 3) prevents contractures and deformities and respiratory problems 4) improves circulation 3)
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| *supine supine with the HOB elevated 60 to 90 degrees | Fowler's position
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| *supine supine with the HOB elevated 30 to 60 degrees | Semi- Fowler's position
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| *supine Supine with the HOB elevated 15 to 30 degrees | Low Fowler's position
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| *supine Supine with knees flexed and feet flat on the bed; used for many procedures and examinations | dorsal recumbent position
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| *supine feet in stirrups and legs spread farther apart; used in pelvic exams | dorsal lithotomy position
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| *side-lying lateral alleviates pressure on bony prominences of the back | patient lying on her side
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| *side-lying lateral removes pressure from shoulder and hip; easier for patients | oblique side-lying position
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| *side-lying lateral variation of side-lying. used for rectal examination, administering enemas or inserting suppositories for an unconscious patient | Sim's position *******
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| *prone | patient lying face down
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| *prone | often used for patients with spinal cord injury; not generally well tolerated
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| *prone | knee-chest position: face down with chest, knees and elbows resting on bed. used for rectal examinations
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| common positioning devices | pillows boots or splints footboards, high top sneakers troncanter rolls
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| *common positioning devices used to support bodies or extremities | pillows
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| *common positioning devices maintain dorsi flexion | boots or splints
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| *common positioning devices maintain dorsiflexion | footboards, high top sneakers
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| *common positioning devices used to immobilize an extremity, provide support, and maintain body alignment | sandbags
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| *common positioning devices help prevent contractures and prevent dorsiflexion of the wrist | hand rolls
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| *common positioning devices enhance patient mobility, provide patient safety and support patient's back | trapeze bars, side rails, bed boards
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| *moving the patient in bed using a lift sheet | - requires at least 2 ppl standing on opposite side of bed - both face the bed and use the sheet to move the patient up in the bed - moving patient performed as a coordinated effort - patient is lifted and moved, not dragged
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| *moving the patient in bed if the patient is unable to bend at the waist or sit on a chair | logrolling
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| *moving the patient in bed logrolling | - turning the patient as a single unit - body alignment maintained at all times - used to change bed linen, can be performed w or w/out a lift sheet - leave a pillow under the patient's head
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| lifting and transferring | - patients may transfer independently or require different levels of assistance - always dangle a patient at bedside before transferring to a wheelchair and observe for dizziness or nausea
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| lifting and transferring | -remember to lock the wheels!
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| things to remember when moving patients | 1) determine how much help you will need to move or transfer the patient 2) always ask for help 3) make sure wheels on bed are locked 4) use a transfer device when possible 5) dangle before ambulating 6) use gait belt when ambulating patients
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| list transfer devices | pull or lift sheets mechanical lifts roller boards gait belts
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Created by:
jekjes
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