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Ch 18 Body Mechanics
Body Mechanics Mobility
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four types of bones | short long flat irregular |
| union of 2 or more bones | joint |
| what is the primary function of the joint? | to move |
| a small fluid-filled sac that provides a cushion at friction points in the joints | bursa |
| striated muscles surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | skeletal muscles |
| fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone | tendon |
| connects bone to cartilage | ligament |
| fibrous connective tissue; acts as a cushion | cartillage |
| functions of a bone | 1) provide a scaffolding to support the body 2) gives shape to the body and support the internal organs and skin 3) provide places for ligaments and tendons to attach to facilitate movement |
| functions of muscle | 1) can stretch 2) provide movement 3) stabilize joints 4) produce heat 5) maintain posture |
| 1) bone mass loss may lead to osteoperosis (women) 2) loss of bone density predisposes the elderly to fractures | changes occurring with aging |
| principles of body movement for nursing: - one of the most common injuries in health care workers | lower back strength |
| principles of body movement for nursing: - get help whenever possible; ask patient to help if able. what else? | use your leg muscles, bend and flex your knees |
| name two of the principle of body movement for nurses | 1) keep feet approx shoulder width apart 2) avoid jerking and sudden pulling movements |
| when moving and lifting patients... | 1) keep elbows close and work close to your body 2) raise bed to your waist level 3) ask for help!! |
| when moving and lifting patients... | pulling actions require less effort that pushing!!! |
| name two basic principles of the body movement and alignment for patients | 1) maintain correct anatomic position 2) change position frequently |
| pressure ulcers are also known as | derubitis or bed sores |
| 2 main factors in developing of pressure ulcers ********** | 1) pressure 2) shearing force |
| occurs when pressure on the skin causes a local area of tissue (necrosis) | pressure ulcers |
| occurs most often between bony prominence and an external surface | pressure ulcers |
| applied downward and forward on tissue beneath the skin | shearing force |
| how to prevent ulcers | range of motion |
| what are the commonly used for nursing diagnoses | 1) risk for injury 2) impaired physical mobility 3) risk for impaired skin integrity 4) impaired walking |
| planning - after patient dangles feet, monitor the following: | 1) orthostatic hypotension 2) dizziness 3) nausea or vomiting |
| Positioning: accomplishes four objectives - | 1) provides comfort 2) relieves pressure on bony premises and other parts relieving patient's risk of developing bed sores 3) prevents contractures and deformities and respiratory problems 4) improves circulation 3) |
| *supine supine with the HOB elevated 60 to 90 degrees | Fowler's position |
| *supine supine with the HOB elevated 30 to 60 degrees | Semi- Fowler's position |
| *supine Supine with the HOB elevated 15 to 30 degrees | Low Fowler's position |
| *supine Supine with knees flexed and feet flat on the bed; used for many procedures and examinations | dorsal recumbent position |
| *supine feet in stirrups and legs spread farther apart; used in pelvic exams | dorsal lithotomy position |
| *side-lying lateral alleviates pressure on bony prominences of the back | patient lying on her side |
| *side-lying lateral removes pressure from shoulder and hip; easier for patients | oblique side-lying position |
| *side-lying lateral variation of side-lying. used for rectal examination, administering enemas or inserting suppositories for an unconscious patient | Sim's position ******* |
| *prone | patient lying face down |
| *prone | often used for patients with spinal cord injury; not generally well tolerated |
| *prone | knee-chest position: face down with chest, knees and elbows resting on bed. used for rectal examinations |
| common positioning devices | pillows boots or splints footboards, high top sneakers troncanter rolls |
| *common positioning devices used to support bodies or extremities | pillows |
| *common positioning devices maintain dorsi flexion | boots or splints |
| *common positioning devices maintain dorsiflexion | footboards, high top sneakers |
| *common positioning devices used to immobilize an extremity, provide support, and maintain body alignment | sandbags |
| *common positioning devices help prevent contractures and prevent dorsiflexion of the wrist | hand rolls |
| *common positioning devices enhance patient mobility, provide patient safety and support patient's back | trapeze bars, side rails, bed boards |
| *moving the patient in bed using a lift sheet | - requires at least 2 ppl standing on opposite side of bed - both face the bed and use the sheet to move the patient up in the bed - moving patient performed as a coordinated effort - patient is lifted and moved, not dragged |
| *moving the patient in bed if the patient is unable to bend at the waist or sit on a chair | logrolling |
| *moving the patient in bed logrolling | - turning the patient as a single unit - body alignment maintained at all times - used to change bed linen, can be performed w or w/out a lift sheet - leave a pillow under the patient's head |
| lifting and transferring | - patients may transfer independently or require different levels of assistance - always dangle a patient at bedside before transferring to a wheelchair and observe for dizziness or nausea |
| lifting and transferring | -remember to lock the wheels! |
| things to remember when moving patients | 1) determine how much help you will need to move or transfer the patient 2) always ask for help 3) make sure wheels on bed are locked 4) use a transfer device when possible 5) dangle before ambulating 6) use gait belt when ambulating patients |
| list transfer devices | pull or lift sheets mechanical lifts roller boards gait belts |
Created by:
jekjes
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