Environmental
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| Dysbarism injuries | show 🗑
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| Five ways the body can lose heat | show 🗑
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| show | The loss of heat by direct contact when a body part comes in contact with a colder object. however, heat can also be gained if the substance being touched is warm
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| show | The loss of body heat caused by air movement such as a breeze blowing across the body. However, heat can also be gained if the air moving across the body is hotter than the temperature of the environment
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| Evaporation | show 🗑
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| show | The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy; for example, heat gained from a fire
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| show | The loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled. However, if the temp is above body temperature, an individual can gain heat with each breath.
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| show | Condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95F/35C, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures.
The body loses its ability to regulate its temp and generate body heat.
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| Diving reflex | show 🗑
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| Turgor | show 🗑
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| show | A system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at various atmospheric pressures, increasing with the depth of the dive; stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
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| show | A triage process used in treating multiple victims of a lightning strike, in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest. this is different from conventional triage where such patients would be classified as deceased
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| Hyperthermia | show 🗑
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| show | A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ant, and yellow jackets
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| show | A balance of all systems in the body
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| show | a life threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive heat, with warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status, often irreversible coma. Uncommon but serious illness. If untreated this can always result in death
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| show | Heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse. Most common heat emergency. (heat exposure, stress, fatigue, and hypervolemia)
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| Heat cramps | show 🗑
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| Frostbite | show 🗑
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| show | Process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. This is often the last cycle of events caused by panic in the water. Can occur in buckets, puddles, bathtubs etc. Young children in as little as 1 inch of water.
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| Decompression sickness | show 🗑
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| Core temperature | show 🗑
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| Breath-holding syncope | show 🗑
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| Bends | show 🗑
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| Antivenom | show 🗑
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| Ambient temperature | show 🗑
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| Air embolism | show 🗑
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| show | Patients who are ill or in poor __________ _________ will not tolerate extreme temperatures well
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| Children and older adults are more likely to experience temperature related illness due to their? | show 🗑
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| Most heat strokes occur when the temperature is? | show 🗑
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| show | Feet, hands, ears, nose or the whole body in the case of hypothermia
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| show | INCREASE OR DECREASE in heat production (shivering and increasing movement when cold or decreasing and limiting movement when hot)
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| show | MOVE TO AN AREA where heat loss can be decreased or increased by seeking shelter from the wind in the cold and seeking shade in the heat)
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| The rate and amount of heat loss or gain by the body can be modified in three ways? 3/3 | show 🗑
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| show | The body constricts blood vessels in the skin resulting in blue lips and or fingertips. Shivers to generate heat. Functions begin to slow down and mental status deteriorates. key organs (heart lungs, vital organs) tend to slow down and can lead to death
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| To assess general temperature for hypothermia you should? | show 🗑
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| mild hypothermia | show 🗑
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| medium hypothermia | show 🗑
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| show | temp drops to 85 (F). Patient becomes lethargic and stops fighting the cold. LOC decreases, patient may try to undress, mood changes, impaired judgment, less communication, joint or muscle stiffness has trouble speaking, body appears to be stiff or rigid
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| show | temp drops to 80 degrees (F) vital signs slow, pulse becomes weaker and slower, respirations become slow, shallow or absent and cardiac dysrhythmia may occur as the BP decreases or disappears
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| possible fatal hypothermia | show 🗑
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| when exposed parts of the body become very cold but not frozen the condition is called? | show 🗑
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| show | this is known as permanent death or cell death of the tissue and requires surgical removal of dead tissue. the exposed part will become inflamed, tender to the touch and unable to tolerate exposure to cold.
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| show | type of condition the skin is pale (blanched) and cold to the touch. normal color does not return after palpation of the skin. the foot may be wrinkled but can also remain soft and the patient reports loss of feeling and sensation in the injured area
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| signs/symptoms of frostbite | show 🗑
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| individuals with a deep injury that has thawed or partially thawed the skin may appear? | show 🗑
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| superficial frostbite | show 🗑
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| deep frostbite | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| true or false do not massage the extremities of the patient with cold exposure as they may become septic | show 🗑
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| show | active rewarming (mild hypothermia)
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| true or false do not try to actively rewarm the patient with moderate to severe hypothermia as it may cause a fatal cardiac dysrhythmia | show 🗑
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| risk factors of heat illness | show 🗑
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| persons at great risk for heat illnesses are? | show 🗑
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| signs/symptoms of heat exhaustion 1/2 | show 🗑
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| show | normal or slightly elevated body temperature; on rare occasions as high as 104 degrees (F)
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| show | hot, dry, flushed skin. skin may be moist or wet due to exertion by the patient. quickly rising body temp of 106 degrees (F) or higher, falling LOC leading to unconsciousness, change in behavior, unresponsiveness, seizures
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| show | strong, rapid pulse at first, becoming weaker with falling BP, increasing respiratory rate and lack of perspiration (body has lost its thermoregulatory mechanisms)
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| show | hyperthermic
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| show | moist, pale cool skin
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| show | hot, dry skin
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| if your body is unable to regulate core temperature your skin will be? | show 🗑
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| show | reach, throw, row and only then go
Reach from shore, throw an object, row to them, swim to them (last resort)
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| show | diving emergency
is caused by the sudden increase in pressure on the body as the person dives deeper into the water. (effected areas are lungs, sinus cavities, middle ear, teeth and area surrounded by the diving mask)
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| emergencies at the bottom of a descent | show 🗑
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| show | they type of diving emergency is the most serious and usually requires aggressive resuscitation an can cause an air embolism (obstruction)
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| this is caused when air enters the space within the thorax that contains the heart and great vessels causing a condition called? | show 🗑
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| show | this occurs when a person swimming in shallow water experiences a loss of consciousness caused by a decreased stimulus for breathing
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| altitude illness | show 🗑
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| acute mountain sickness (above 5k feet) | show 🗑
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| show | this is cause when fluid collects in the lungs hindering the passage of oxygen into the bloodstream.
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| show | this may accompany HAPE an can quickly become life threatening
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| show | this happens when you are indirectly struck when standing near an object that has been struck by lightning such as a tree
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| show | this type of lightning injury causes LOC, amnesia, confusion, tingling, other non-specific signs/symptoms. burns if present are typically superficial.
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| moderate symptoms of lightning injuries | show 🗑
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| show | this type of lightning injury causes cardiopulmonary arrest. most patients do not survive
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| black widow spider | show 🗑
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| brown recluse spider | show 🗑
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| show | these stings are caused by bees, wasps, yellow jackets and red ants. they are painful but are not a medical emergency.
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| urticaria | show 🗑
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| show | these types of snakes are native to the US have hollow fangs in the roof of the mouth that inject the poison from two sacs at the back of the head
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| rattlesnakes, copperheads and cottonmouth are all referred to as____________ they have small pits that contain poison located just behind each nostril and in front of each eye. | show 🗑
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| rattlesnake | show 🗑
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| show | this type of snake is usually 2-4 fee long has red copper color crossed with brown or red bands. typically inhabits woodpiles and abandoned dwellings
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| cottonmouths | show 🗑
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| coral snakes | show 🗑
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| scorpion stings | show 🗑
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| tick bites | show 🗑
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| the stinging cells of a coelenterate are called? (jellyfish) | show 🗑
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| alcohol | show 🗑
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| Frostbitten parts are usually? | show 🗑
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| show | Permanent cell death from freezing or destructive chemical changes
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| Primary Assessment: Chief Complaint | show 🗑
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| Primary Assessment: Do this to determine if life threats exist after hearing Chief Complaint | show 🗑
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| show | Palpate the carotid for up to 60sec. Even a pulse of 1-2 beats is cardiac activity and may recover once warmed. CPR may be needed
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| How does the body normally balance heat production/elimination? | show 🗑
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| show | Air temp is high (reduced radiation)
High humidity (reduced evaporation)
Vigorous exercise (fluid loss)
Inadequate water intake
Children/older adults poor thermoreg
Med conditions (heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc)
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| show | Several
Significant: prolonged exposure to hot, humid environment
Not drinking water
Profuse sweating
Diabetic history
Hypertension (diuretics often prescribed)
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| What type of heat emergency could this be? Sitting under a tree, refused a water break Flushed Conscious/confused Increased respirations Weak/rapid radial Hot/moist skin | show 🗑
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| What treatment is required? Heat emergency In ambulance w/AC on 24 breaths/min adequate 130bpm weak/regular Skin hot, flushed, moist BP 88/66 mmHg Spo2 95% on o2 | show 🗑
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| What is the most likely explanations for these vitals? Heat emergency In ambulance w/AC on 24 breaths/min adequate 130bpm weak/regular Skin hot, flushed, moist BP 88/66 mmHg Spo2 95% on o2 | show 🗑
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| show | LOC has deteriorated
Not breathing adequately = decrease heat removal from respiration
Need assisted breathing (BVM) + NPA because semi-conscious
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| show | Monitor CBT (core body temp) likely from rectal temp
CBT can rise quickly, but decreases slowly even with aggressive cooling
Can still take normal temp (but will be less accurate)
Reassess skin temp often
Do not cool to the point of shivering
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| What other conditions should you consider for the Altered Mental? Patients LOC improved, now on NBMask, skin less hot/flushed, still moist LOC: conscious/combative R: 22/min P: 120/min regular BP: 98/58mmHg Spo2: 95% on o2 | show 🗑
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