Oncology Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is a substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription to assist in the action of the main ingredient? | Adjuvant
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| What is treatment of a disease with a substance, especially a drug, that enhances the main ingredient? | Adjuvant Therapy
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| What is a change in the structure and orientation of cells characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form? | Anaplasia
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| What is a class of antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer? | Antimetabolite
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| What is of or pertaining to a substance, procedure, or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells? | Antineoplastic
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| What is noncancerous and therefore not an immediate threat, even though treatment eventually may be required for health or cosmetic reasons; not life threatening? | Benign
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| What is a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant body sites? | Cancer
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| What is a substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer? | Carcinogen
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| What is a malignant neoplasm? | Carcinoma
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| What is a premalignant neoplasm that has not invaded the basement membrane but shows cytologic characteristics of cancer? | Carcinoma in situ
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| What is the use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis? | Chemotherapy
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| What is pertaining to being destructive to cells? | Cytotoxic
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| What is a large nucleic acid molecule found principally in the chromosomes of the nucleus of a cell that is the carrier of genetic information? | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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| What is a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties? | Differentiation
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| What is enclosed in fibrous or membranous sheaths? | Encapsulated
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| What is in radiology, the division of the total dose of radiation into small doses administered at intervals in an effort to minimize tissue damage? | Fractionation
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| What is the possessing the ability to invade or penetrate adjacent tissue? | Infiltrative
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| What is characterized by a tendency to spread, infiltrate, and intrude? | Invasive
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| What is high-energy X-rays that possess the ability to kill cells or retard their growth? | Ionizing radiation
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| What is an apparatus for accelerating charged subatomic particles used in radiotherapy, physics research, and the production of radionuclides? | Linear accelerator
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| What is a surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue; a method of treatment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease? | Lumpectomy
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| What is tending to become worse and cause death? | Malignant
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| What is the the process by which tumor cells spread to distant parts of the body? | Metastasis
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| What is a type of cell division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells? | Mitosis
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| What is a growth of more than one type of neoplastic tissue? | Mixed-tissue tumor
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| What is a method of application or a treatment method? | Modality
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| What is an illness or an abnormal condition or quality? | Morbidity
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| What is a change or transformation in a gene? | Mutation
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| What is any abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant? | Neoplasm
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| What is a gene in a virus that has the ability to cause a cell to become malignant? | Oncogene
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| What is the formation of a tumor? | Oncogenesis
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| What is of or pertaining to papilla (nipplelike projection)? | Papillary
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| What is a benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor? | Papilloma
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| What is pertaining to a structure with a stalk? | Pedunculated
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| What is a written plan or description of the steps to be taken in a particular situation, such as conducting research? | Protocol
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| What is the emission of energy, rays or waves? | Radiation
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| What is pertaining to the susceptibility of tumor cells to destruction by ionizing radiation? | Radiocurable tumor
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| What is a tumor that resists the effects of radiation? | Radioresistant tumor
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| What is a tumor that reacts favorably to radiation? | Radioresponsive tumor
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| What is the treatment of disease by using X-rays or ganna rays? | Radiotherapy
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| What is to exhibit again the symptoms of a disease from which a patient appears to have recovered? | Relapse
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| What is the partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a chronic or malignant disease? | Remission
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| What is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells that transmits genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? | Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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| What is a malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissues of the body, usually first presenting as a painless swelling? | Sarcoma
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| What is pertaining to a carcinoma with a hard structure? | Scirrhous
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| What is attached by a base rather than by a stalk or a peduncle? | Sessile
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| What is the determination of distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease? | Staging
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| What is a formative cell; a cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types? | Stem cell
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| What is a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation (growth) of cells, the tumor may be localized or invasive, benign or malignant? | Tumor
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| What is rough or warty? | Verrucous
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| Ana- | not, without
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| -blast | embryonic stage of development
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| carcin/o | cancer
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| chem/o | pertaining to a chemical
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| cry/o | cold
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| cyst/o | bladder, sac, or cyst
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| epi- | on, upon
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| fibr/o | pertaining to fiber
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| meta- | beyond, after
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| -oma | tumor
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| onc/o | swelling, mass, or tumor
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| papill/o | resembling a nipple
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| -plasia | formation or growth
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| -plasm | living substance
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| radi/o | radiation
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| sarc/o | of or related to the flesh
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| scirrh/o | hard
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| What is a neoplasm that does not invade other tissues or metastasize to other sites? | Benign tumor
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| What is a neoplasm that can invade surrounding tissue and can metastasize to distant sites? | Malignant tumor
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| What makes up the largest group of neoplasms? | Carcinomas
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| What are solid tumors that originate from epithelial tissue which covers the external and internal body surfaces, the lining of vessels, body cavities, glands and organs? | Carcinomas
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| What are less common than carcinomas? | Sarcomas
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| Which tumors originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle and cartilage? | Sarcomas
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| What arises in infection fighting organs such as lymphatic tissue? | Lymphomas
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| What occurs in blood-forming organs such as the spleen and in bone marrow? | Leukemias
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| Which cells function most like the parent tissue and are thus graded as the least malignant or grade 1? | Well-Differentiated
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| What refers to the extent of disease and relative size of the tumor at the time of diagnosis? | Staging
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| What is an internationally recognized system used for staging neoplasms? | TNM staging classification system
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| What is examination of biopsied tissues, tumors, body fluids, and/or body secretions further evaluates the extent of the disease? | Cytologic
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| What are biochemical indicators that a malignancy is present in the body when these molecules are detectable in any body fluids, particularly blood? | Tumor markers
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| What imaging includes CT scans, MRIs, X-ray imaging, radioisotope scans, ultrasonography, use of tagged antibodies, angiography, and use of direct visualization? | Oncologic
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| What is an uncontrollable factor that contributes to one's susceptibility to developing cancer? | Heredity
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| What refers to the probability that an individual, over the course of his or her lifetime, will develop cancer or will die from cancer? | Lifetime risk
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| What measures the strength of the relationship between risk factors and particular types of cancer? | Relative risk
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| What is most common malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue that occurs most often on areas of the skin exposed to the sun? | Basal cell carcinoma
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| What is a malignant tumor of the breast tissue? | Breast cancer
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| What is the most common type of breast cancer that originates in the mammary ducts? | Ductal carcinoma
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| Which cancer ranks second among cancer deaths in women? | Breast Cancer
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| What is a malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi? | Bronchogenic carcinoma
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| What is another name for Bronchogenic carcinoma? | Lung cancer
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| What is the most common cancer-related death in both men and women? | Lung cancer
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| What is a malignant tumor of the cervix? | Cervical carcinoma
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| Which cancer is the most frequent in women from ages 30 - 50? | Cervical cancer
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| What means it just sits there? | Carcinoma in situ
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| What is used to detect early changes in cervical tissue that may indicate cervical cancer? | Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear)
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| What is the presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine? | Colorectal cancer
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| What is the third most common type of cancer in both men and women? | Colorectal cancer
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| What malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus; also known as adenocarcinoma of the uterus? | Endometrial carcinoma
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| What is a lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant - beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node(s) abd progressing to anemia, weakness, fever and weight loss? | Lymphoma
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| What is a rare malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet and gradually spread, throughout the skin? | Kaposi's sarcoma
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| Which cancer occurs most often in men and there is an increased incidence in individuals infected with AIDS? | Kaposi's sarcome
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| What is a malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi(moles), freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor? | Malignant melanoma
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| What is a highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system? | Neuroblastoma
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| Which cancer most commonly occurs in the adrenal medulla, with early metastasis spreading widely to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes and bones? | Neuroblastome
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| What is a precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth that are elevated gray-white or yellow-white leathery surfaced lesions have clearly defined borders? | Oral leukoplakia
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| What is a malignant tumor of the ovaries, most commonly occurring in women in their 50's? | Ovarian carcinoma
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| What is a life-threating primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas? | Pancreatic cancer
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| What is a malignant growth within the prostate gland, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra and is the leading cause of cancer death in men? | Prostatic cancer
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| What test will be used to detect increased growth of the prostate? | PSA blood test
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| What is a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood? | Renal cell carcinoma
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| What is a malignancy of the epithelial tissue which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated? | Squamous cell carcinoma
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| What is a malignant tumor of the testicle that appears as a painless lump in the testicle and usually occurs in men under the age of 40? | Testicular cancer
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| What is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland that leads to dysfunction of the gland and thus inadequate or excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone? | Thyroid cancer
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| What occurs in any structural region of the brain and may be malignant or benign? | Intracranial tumors
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| What are tumors occurring as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast? | Metastatic intracranial tumors
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| Which tumors that arise from gliomas or from the meninges are known as? | Primary intracranial tumors
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| What is a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood? | Wilms' tumor
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| What are agents that are capable of changing the relationship between a tumor and the host are known as biologic response modifiers, these agents are used to strengthen the individual's immune responses? | Immunotherapy
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| What is an advanced treatment procedure for skin cancer? | Mohs surgery
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| What is used for diagnosing and staging cancers? | Surgery
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| What are used to remove a piece of a tumor for examination and diagnosing? | Incisional biopsies
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| What are used to remove the tumor aand a portion of normal tissue, which provide a specimen for examination and diagnosis? | Excisional biopsies
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| What is the resection includes the removal of a tumor and a large area of surrounding tissue that contains lymph nodes? | En bloc
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| What is the destruction of tissue with electric sparks? | Fulguration
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| What is destruction of tissue by burning? | Electrocauterzation
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| What is often used to treat bladder or brain tumors by freezing the malignant tissue which results in its destruction? | Cryosurgery
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| What is a wide resection that removes the organ of origin and surrounding tissue? | Exenteration
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| Bx | Biopsy
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| Ca | Cancer
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| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen
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| DES | Diethylstillbestrol
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| Mets | Metastasis
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| NHL | non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RNA | ribonucleic acid
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| RTx | radiation therapy
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| TNM | tumor, nodes and metastasis
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