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Oncology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription to assist in the action of the main ingredient? | Adjuvant |
| What is treatment of a disease with a substance, especially a drug, that enhances the main ingredient? | Adjuvant Therapy |
| What is a change in the structure and orientation of cells characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form? | Anaplasia |
| What is a class of antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer? | Antimetabolite |
| What is of or pertaining to a substance, procedure, or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells? | Antineoplastic |
| What is noncancerous and therefore not an immediate threat, even though treatment eventually may be required for health or cosmetic reasons; not life threatening? | Benign |
| What is a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant body sites? | Cancer |
| What is a substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer? | Carcinogen |
| What is a malignant neoplasm? | Carcinoma |
| What is a premalignant neoplasm that has not invaded the basement membrane but shows cytologic characteristics of cancer? | Carcinoma in situ |
| What is the use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis? | Chemotherapy |
| What is pertaining to being destructive to cells? | Cytotoxic |
| What is a large nucleic acid molecule found principally in the chromosomes of the nucleus of a cell that is the carrier of genetic information? | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| What is a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties? | Differentiation |
| What is enclosed in fibrous or membranous sheaths? | Encapsulated |
| What is in radiology, the division of the total dose of radiation into small doses administered at intervals in an effort to minimize tissue damage? | Fractionation |
| What is the possessing the ability to invade or penetrate adjacent tissue? | Infiltrative |
| What is characterized by a tendency to spread, infiltrate, and intrude? | Invasive |
| What is high-energy X-rays that possess the ability to kill cells or retard their growth? | Ionizing radiation |
| What is an apparatus for accelerating charged subatomic particles used in radiotherapy, physics research, and the production of radionuclides? | Linear accelerator |
| What is a surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue; a method of treatment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease? | Lumpectomy |
| What is tending to become worse and cause death? | Malignant |
| What is the the process by which tumor cells spread to distant parts of the body? | Metastasis |
| What is a type of cell division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells? | Mitosis |
| What is a growth of more than one type of neoplastic tissue? | Mixed-tissue tumor |
| What is a method of application or a treatment method? | Modality |
| What is an illness or an abnormal condition or quality? | Morbidity |
| What is a change or transformation in a gene? | Mutation |
| What is any abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant? | Neoplasm |
| What is a gene in a virus that has the ability to cause a cell to become malignant? | Oncogene |
| What is the formation of a tumor? | Oncogenesis |
| What is of or pertaining to papilla (nipplelike projection)? | Papillary |
| What is a benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor? | Papilloma |
| What is pertaining to a structure with a stalk? | Pedunculated |
| What is a written plan or description of the steps to be taken in a particular situation, such as conducting research? | Protocol |
| What is the emission of energy, rays or waves? | Radiation |
| What is pertaining to the susceptibility of tumor cells to destruction by ionizing radiation? | Radiocurable tumor |
| What is a tumor that resists the effects of radiation? | Radioresistant tumor |
| What is a tumor that reacts favorably to radiation? | Radioresponsive tumor |
| What is the treatment of disease by using X-rays or ganna rays? | Radiotherapy |
| What is to exhibit again the symptoms of a disease from which a patient appears to have recovered? | Relapse |
| What is the partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a chronic or malignant disease? | Remission |
| What is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells that transmits genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? | Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| What is a malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissues of the body, usually first presenting as a painless swelling? | Sarcoma |
| What is pertaining to a carcinoma with a hard structure? | Scirrhous |
| What is attached by a base rather than by a stalk or a peduncle? | Sessile |
| What is the determination of distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease? | Staging |
| What is a formative cell; a cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types? | Stem cell |
| What is a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation (growth) of cells, the tumor may be localized or invasive, benign or malignant? | Tumor |
| What is rough or warty? | Verrucous |
| Ana- | not, without |
| -blast | embryonic stage of development |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| chem/o | pertaining to a chemical |
| cry/o | cold |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac, or cyst |
| epi- | on, upon |
| fibr/o | pertaining to fiber |
| meta- | beyond, after |
| -oma | tumor |
| onc/o | swelling, mass, or tumor |
| papill/o | resembling a nipple |
| -plasia | formation or growth |
| -plasm | living substance |
| radi/o | radiation |
| sarc/o | of or related to the flesh |
| scirrh/o | hard |
| What is a neoplasm that does not invade other tissues or metastasize to other sites? | Benign tumor |
| What is a neoplasm that can invade surrounding tissue and can metastasize to distant sites? | Malignant tumor |
| What makes up the largest group of neoplasms? | Carcinomas |
| What are solid tumors that originate from epithelial tissue which covers the external and internal body surfaces, the lining of vessels, body cavities, glands and organs? | Carcinomas |
| What are less common than carcinomas? | Sarcomas |
| Which tumors originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle and cartilage? | Sarcomas |
| What arises in infection fighting organs such as lymphatic tissue? | Lymphomas |
| What occurs in blood-forming organs such as the spleen and in bone marrow? | Leukemias |
| Which cells function most like the parent tissue and are thus graded as the least malignant or grade 1? | Well-Differentiated |
| What refers to the extent of disease and relative size of the tumor at the time of diagnosis? | Staging |
| What is an internationally recognized system used for staging neoplasms? | TNM staging classification system |
| What is examination of biopsied tissues, tumors, body fluids, and/or body secretions further evaluates the extent of the disease? | Cytologic |
| What are biochemical indicators that a malignancy is present in the body when these molecules are detectable in any body fluids, particularly blood? | Tumor markers |
| What imaging includes CT scans, MRIs, X-ray imaging, radioisotope scans, ultrasonography, use of tagged antibodies, angiography, and use of direct visualization? | Oncologic |
| What is an uncontrollable factor that contributes to one's susceptibility to developing cancer? | Heredity |
| What refers to the probability that an individual, over the course of his or her lifetime, will develop cancer or will die from cancer? | Lifetime risk |
| What measures the strength of the relationship between risk factors and particular types of cancer? | Relative risk |
| What is most common malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue that occurs most often on areas of the skin exposed to the sun? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| What is a malignant tumor of the breast tissue? | Breast cancer |
| What is the most common type of breast cancer that originates in the mammary ducts? | Ductal carcinoma |
| Which cancer ranks second among cancer deaths in women? | Breast Cancer |
| What is a malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi? | Bronchogenic carcinoma |
| What is another name for Bronchogenic carcinoma? | Lung cancer |
| What is the most common cancer-related death in both men and women? | Lung cancer |
| What is a malignant tumor of the cervix? | Cervical carcinoma |
| Which cancer is the most frequent in women from ages 30 - 50? | Cervical cancer |
| What means it just sits there? | Carcinoma in situ |
| What is used to detect early changes in cervical tissue that may indicate cervical cancer? | Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) |
| What is the presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine? | Colorectal cancer |
| What is the third most common type of cancer in both men and women? | Colorectal cancer |
| What malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus; also known as adenocarcinoma of the uterus? | Endometrial carcinoma |
| What is a lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant - beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node(s) abd progressing to anemia, weakness, fever and weight loss? | Lymphoma |
| What is a rare malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet and gradually spread, throughout the skin? | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Which cancer occurs most often in men and there is an increased incidence in individuals infected with AIDS? | Kaposi's sarcome |
| What is a malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi(moles), freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor? | Malignant melanoma |
| What is a highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system? | Neuroblastoma |
| Which cancer most commonly occurs in the adrenal medulla, with early metastasis spreading widely to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes and bones? | Neuroblastome |
| What is a precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth that are elevated gray-white or yellow-white leathery surfaced lesions have clearly defined borders? | Oral leukoplakia |
| What is a malignant tumor of the ovaries, most commonly occurring in women in their 50's? | Ovarian carcinoma |
| What is a life-threating primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas? | Pancreatic cancer |
| What is a malignant growth within the prostate gland, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra and is the leading cause of cancer death in men? | Prostatic cancer |
| What test will be used to detect increased growth of the prostate? | PSA blood test |
| What is a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood? | Renal cell carcinoma |
| What is a malignancy of the epithelial tissue which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| What is a malignant tumor of the testicle that appears as a painless lump in the testicle and usually occurs in men under the age of 40? | Testicular cancer |
| What is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland that leads to dysfunction of the gland and thus inadequate or excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone? | Thyroid cancer |
| What occurs in any structural region of the brain and may be malignant or benign? | Intracranial tumors |
| What are tumors occurring as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast? | Metastatic intracranial tumors |
| Which tumors that arise from gliomas or from the meninges are known as? | Primary intracranial tumors |
| What is a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood? | Wilms' tumor |
| What are agents that are capable of changing the relationship between a tumor and the host are known as biologic response modifiers, these agents are used to strengthen the individual's immune responses? | Immunotherapy |
| What is an advanced treatment procedure for skin cancer? | Mohs surgery |
| What is used for diagnosing and staging cancers? | Surgery |
| What are used to remove a piece of a tumor for examination and diagnosing? | Incisional biopsies |
| What are used to remove the tumor aand a portion of normal tissue, which provide a specimen for examination and diagnosis? | Excisional biopsies |
| What is the resection includes the removal of a tumor and a large area of surrounding tissue that contains lymph nodes? | En bloc |
| What is the destruction of tissue with electric sparks? | Fulguration |
| What is destruction of tissue by burning? | Electrocauterzation |
| What is often used to treat bladder or brain tumors by freezing the malignant tissue which results in its destruction? | Cryosurgery |
| What is a wide resection that removes the organ of origin and surrounding tissue? | Exenteration |
| Bx | Biopsy |
| Ca | Cancer |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen |
| DES | Diethylstillbestrol |
| Mets | Metastasis |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RTx | radiation therapy |
| TNM | tumor, nodes and metastasis |
Created by:
tsloan81
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