Review of cell discovery and structure
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Who first looked through the microscope at cork and discovered little rooms he called 'cells'? | Robert Hooke.
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| Who were the three scientists who developed the cell theory? What contributions did they make? | Schleiden: all plants are made of cells. Schwann: All animals are made of cells. Virchow: cells come from existing cells.
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| What is the cell theory? | The theory says that new cells are formed from other existing cells, and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organization in all living organisms.
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| What is the difference between a light microscope and electron microscopes? | A light microscope uses light passed through a thinly sliced specimen to observe; an electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to scan over or through a specimen.
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| What is a prokaryote? Give some characteristics. | A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. It is small and simple. An example is a bacterium.
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| What is a eukaryote? Give some characteristics. | A eukaryote is a plant or animal cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. It is large and complex. An example is the cell of an oak tree.
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| What is the structure and function of the nucleus? | The structure of the nucleus is a sphere that contains another sphere called a nucleolus. The nucleus functions as the storage center of cell’s DNA and manages cell functions.
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| What is the structure and function of the cytoplasm? | The cytoplasm is a thick, gel-like material throughout the cell. Its functions are to contain nutrients for the cell and support organelles.
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| What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton? | The cytoskeleton is a network of thin threads of actin and microtubules throughout the cell. Its functions are to support organelles, help the cell keep its shape, and to assist in cell division.
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| What is the structure and function of a ribosome? | Ribosomes are proteins made of two subunits. Their function is to create proteins.
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| What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | The rough ER is made of membranes with ribosomes attached. Its function is to make large amounts of proteins that will be exported from the cell.
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| What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | The smooth ER is a system of membranes- no ribosomes. Its functions are to make lipids and break down toxins.
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| What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus/complex? | The Golgi is a series of flat stacked membranes. Its function is to receive, modify, and ship proteins it gets from the rough ER.
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| What is the structure and function of the mitochondria? | Mitochondria contain a folded inner membrane and a smooth outer membrane. Their function is to break down glucose into ATP.
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| What is the structure and function of lysosomes? | Lysosomes are spherical and contain digestive enzymes. They break down food particles, invading pathogens, or worn out organelles.
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| What is the structure and function of peroxisomes? | Peroxisomes are sphereical and contain catalase! They break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
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| What is cilia? How is it different from flagella? | Cili are short hairs made of microtubules. Flagella are long hairs made of microtubules. Their function is to provide cell movement.
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| What is the structure and function of a vacuole? | Vacuoles are large membrane-bound organelles that are used for storage of water, nutrients, or wastes.
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| What is the structure and function of a chloroplast? | A chloroplast contains stacked sacs on the inside and another membrane on the outside. Their function is to turn light energy into glucose.
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| What is the structure and function of the cell membrane? | The cell membrane is a semi-permeable bilayer made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and other proteins. Its function is to allow or block things from entering the cell.
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| What is the structure and function of the cell wall? | The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose. It forms a boundary around plant cells and gives them structure and strength.
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