Institutions
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| Presidential System | government in which the head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch
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| Parliamentary System | Combine lawmaking and executive functions- fusion of powers.
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| Semi-Presidential System | Sometimes called a dual executive system, this is a system in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet.
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| Executive | responsible for implementing laws and policies
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| Head of State | Represents a nation in ceremonial functions. In some governments, this individual can also have formal powers to shape foreign policy.
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| Head of Government | he executive leader or chief executive. Responsible for formulating, implementing, and executing policies through a cabinet and/or various government agencies
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| Executive Term Limits | institutional rules that limit the amount of time that an executive can serve in that office
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| Legislative | responsible for making laws and policies
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| Bicameral | 2 houses of legislature
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| Unicameral | 1-house legislature
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| Judicial System | responsible for interpreting laws and policies
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| Independent Legislature | how the legislature is checked by other branches or the processes
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| Independent Judiciary | how much authority the judicial branch has to overrule the other branches of government ; ability to strengthen democracy by protecting civil liberties and rights and maintaining separation of powers
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| cabinet | advisors to the executive who help carry out policy
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| popular election | a vote by the people
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| policy | guidelines, rules, regulations, or laws created by the government
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| civil service | the people who work for the bureaucracy as career-employees
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| Judicial Review | the ability of the court to rule actions of the government unconsitutional
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| Civil Liberties | Freedoms for individuals such as speech, assembly, religion, property, life, fair trial. Freedoms or protection from government
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| Civil Rights | protection against discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, ability, etc
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| Checks and Balances | each branch of government can limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power.
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| Fusion of Power | in parliamentary forms of government where different branches of government are intermingled, typically the executive and legislative
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