care of patients with cardiac problems c37 med
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types of heart failure | show 🗑
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Most heart failure beings with failure of the? | show 🗑
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show | hypertensive, coronary artery and valvular disease of mitral or aortic valve.
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indications of left ventricular failure (LVF) | show 🗑
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Variations of left-sided heart failure | show 🗑
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show | heart cannot contract forcefully enough during systole to eject adequate blood into circulation.
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show | percentage of blood ejected from heart during systole
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diastolic heart failure (heart failure with preserved left ventricular function) | show 🗑
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show | left ventricular failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary hypertension.
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show | right ventricle cannot empty completely.
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show | can occur when CO remains normal or above normal. Caused by increased metabolic needs or hyperkinetic conditions (septicemia (fever), anemia and hyperthyroidism). Not as common.
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When CO is insufficient, ____ operate to improve CO | show 🗑
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major compensatory mechanisms include: | show 🗑
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show | stimulation of sympathetic NS
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afterload | show 🗑
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renin-angiotensin system activation occurs as a response to? | show 🗑
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When endothelial cells are stretched what is secreted? | show 🗑
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show | enlargement of myocardium, walls of heart thicken to provide more muscle mass, thus more forceful contractions increasing CO. oxygen supply is not as fast as growth of heart.
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show | systemic hypertension.
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Second most common cause of HF is | show 🗑
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common risk factors/causes of HF | show 🗑
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right sided HF in the absence of left-sided Hf is usually a result of | show 🗑
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show | irritating, nocturnal and nonproductive. severe HF - expectorating frothy, pink-tinged sputum (sign of pulmonary edema)
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exertional dyspnea | show 🗑
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orthopnea | show 🗑
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show | sudden awakening with feeling of breathlessness 2 to 5 hours after fallin gasleep.
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proportional pulse pressure | show 🗑
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impaired gas exchange expected outcomes | show 🗑
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show | normal; systolic/diastolic bp, apical pulse rate, ejection fraction, peripheral pulses, skin color, urine output, cognitive status
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show | monitor respiratory rate, rhythm and quality q1-4h. auscultate breath sounds q4-8h, oxygen as ordered, high fowlers (if dyspnea), pillows under each arm. repositioning, cough deep break q2h.
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mitral valve prolapse | show 🗑
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aortic stenosis | show 🗑
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expected outcomes for activity intolerance | show 🗑
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show | crackles, dyspnea at rest, disorientation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, reduced urinary output, cough with frothy pink tinged sputum, premature ventricular contractions, dysrhthmia, anxiety restlessness, lethargy
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show | anticoagulant, such as coumadin
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infective endocardidits | show 🗑
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pericardial effusion | show 🗑
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show | excessive fluid within the pericardial cavity, restricting diastolic ventricular filling and CO. symptoms: JVD, paradoxical pulse, decreased CO, muffled heart sounds, circulatory collapse
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rheumatic carditis is a major indicator of | show 🗑
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show | tachycardia, cardiomegaly, new or changed murmur, pericardial friction rub, precordial pain, ecg changes (prolonged PR interval), indications of HF, evidence of strep infection
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show | moderate to high fever, abrupt onset of sore throat, reddened throat with exudate, enlarged and tender lympth nodes
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classifications of cardiomyopahty | show 🗑
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show | SOB, fatigure, fluid gain, abdominal bloating, new bradycardia, hypotension, atrial fibrillation or flutter, decreased activity tolerance, decreased ejection fraction (late sign)
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