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care of patients with cardiac problems c37 med

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Question
Answer
types of heart failure   show
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Most heart failure beings with failure of the?   show
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show hypertensive, coronary artery and valvular disease of mitral or aortic valve.  
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indications of left ventricular failure (LVF)   show
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Variations of left-sided heart failure   show
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show heart cannot contract forcefully enough during systole to eject adequate blood into circulation.  
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show percentage of blood ejected from heart during systole  
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diastolic heart failure (heart failure with preserved left ventricular function)   show
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show left ventricular failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary hypertension.  
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show right ventricle cannot empty completely.  
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show can occur when CO remains normal or above normal. Caused by increased metabolic needs or hyperkinetic conditions (septicemia (fever), anemia and hyperthyroidism). Not as common.  
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When CO is insufficient, ____ operate to improve CO   show
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major compensatory mechanisms include:   show
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show stimulation of sympathetic NS  
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afterload   show
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renin-angiotensin system activation occurs as a response to?   show
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When endothelial cells are stretched what is secreted?   show
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show enlargement of myocardium, walls of heart thicken to provide more muscle mass, thus more forceful contractions increasing CO. oxygen supply is not as fast as growth of heart.  
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show systemic hypertension.  
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Second most common cause of HF is   show
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common risk factors/causes of HF   show
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right sided HF in the absence of left-sided Hf is usually a result of   show
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show irritating, nocturnal and nonproductive. severe HF - expectorating frothy, pink-tinged sputum (sign of pulmonary edema)  
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exertional dyspnea   show
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orthopnea   show
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show sudden awakening with feeling of breathlessness 2 to 5 hours after fallin gasleep.  
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proportional pulse pressure   show
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impaired gas exchange expected outcomes   show
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show normal; systolic/diastolic bp, apical pulse rate, ejection fraction, peripheral pulses, skin color, urine output, cognitive status  
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show monitor respiratory rate, rhythm and quality q1-4h. auscultate breath sounds q4-8h, oxygen as ordered, high fowlers (if dyspnea), pillows under each arm. repositioning, cough deep break q2h.  
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mitral valve prolapse   show
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aortic stenosis   show
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expected outcomes for activity intolerance   show
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show crackles, dyspnea at rest, disorientation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, reduced urinary output, cough with frothy pink tinged sputum, premature ventricular contractions, dysrhthmia, anxiety restlessness, lethargy  
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show anticoagulant, such as coumadin  
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infective endocardidits   show
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pericardial effusion   show
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show excessive fluid within the pericardial cavity, restricting diastolic ventricular filling and CO. symptoms: JVD, paradoxical pulse, decreased CO, muffled heart sounds, circulatory collapse  
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rheumatic carditis is a major indicator of   show
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show tachycardia, cardiomegaly, new or changed murmur, pericardial friction rub, precordial pain, ecg changes (prolonged PR interval), indications of HF, evidence of strep infection  
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show moderate to high fever, abrupt onset of sore throat, reddened throat with exudate, enlarged and tender lympth nodes  
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classifications of cardiomyopahty   show
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show SOB, fatigure, fluid gain, abdominal bloating, new bradycardia, hypotension, atrial fibrillation or flutter, decreased activity tolerance, decreased ejection fraction (late sign)  
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