lots of cardiac, rhythms, how to read ekgs
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Formula for Cardiac Output | show 🗑
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| Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease | show 🗑
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| S/S of CVD | show 🗑
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| show | Fainting
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| show | skin color, VS, edema, JVD, ausculatation of heart
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| How many directions does blood flow? | show 🗑
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| show | 70%
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| show | ventricles and the "left side"
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| show | 20/10
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| show | the valves opening and blood rushing through
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| S/S of pulmonary edema? | show 🗑
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| show | High, High
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| show | diuretics
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| show | disease of the valves when the valves won't open to allow blood to flow, causing high pressure to open the valves
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| What does the heart need in order to function? | show 🗑
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| show | Left/Right Coronary Arteries
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| show | improves circulation by finding new pathways around a heart blockage by forming new branches of arteries
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| What occurs is the left main artery, "widow artery" is blocked? | show 🗑
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| show | muscles of the body the posterior heart
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| show | Potassium, (K+)
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| show | Sodium, (Na+)
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| During depolarization what does the minerals of the cells do? | show 🗑
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| How does a cell repolarize? | show 🗑
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| show | 60-100; "pacemaker" of the heart; sends stimulus most rapidly
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| What is the AV node rate? | show 🗑
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| show | electrical; mechanical
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| If ______ precedes _____ the rhythm becomes V-Fib | show 🗑
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| show | amount of blood ejected each minute
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| Normal Cardiac Output Amount | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac Output/Body Surface Area
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| show | amount of volume pumped each minute
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| Stroke Volume Rate | show 🗑
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| As you bleed, SV will ____ which causes HR to __ | show 🗑
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| show | clammy, cold, poor cap. refill, pale, decreased BP/LOC/Urine Output
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| show | Nitroglycerin
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| show | "rubberband"; as volume increases so does contractility
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| Explain Afterload | show 🗑
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| show | antihypertensive meds
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| Questions for pt. about chest pain? | show 🗑
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| show | Fatigue
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| show | fluttering, dysrhythmias
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| show | pulmonary edema, fluid retention,CHF
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| show | a possible clot or imbalanced electrolytes
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| When does a pt always have JVD? | show 🗑
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| Which jugular vein do you want to look at when checking for JVD? | show 🗑
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| show | Heart Failure due to an Increase in volume
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| show | Point of Maximal Impulse
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| show | 5th intercoastal, Left midclavicular
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| What does PMI help in assessing? | show 🗑
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| Where is S1 loudest? | show 🗑
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| show | at the base
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| When S3 is heard, it indicates? | show 🗑
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| When s4 is heard, it indicates? | show 🗑
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| show | after s1 and s2; lub dupp dupp
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| When is s4 usually heard and what does it sound like? | show 🗑
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| What is a murmur? | show 🗑
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| show | helps see the chambers of the heart
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| show | an ultrasound that enters thru the esphogaus and helps to see if clots are forming
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| show | a stress test
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| show | a test using a dye to see if part of the heart has been damaged
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| Explain Coronary Angiography | show 🗑
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| Is coronary angiography diagnostic or treatment? | show 🗑
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| Nursing Actions for a coronary angiography | show 🗑
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| What is hemodynamic monitoring? | show 🗑
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| show | balloon tipped catheter
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| show | the cath recieves pressure waves from heart chambers and coverts the mechanical energy to electrical which is displayed via monitor
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| What is the swan-ganz or pulmonary artery catheter? | show 🗑
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| What does the swan-ganz cath do? | show 🗑
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| What does PCWP stand for? | show 🗑
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| What diagnosis' would need a swan-ganz cath? | show 🗑
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| show | 8-12 mm/Hg
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| show | heart is working too hard to pump blood due to too much fluid or vasoconstriction
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| How long does a swan-ganz cath stay in? | show 🗑
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| show | right=lower; left=higher
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| show | left ventricular failure, valvular disease, tamponade, fluid overload
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| If left wedge pressure is lower what does this indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | SOB, chest discomfort, palpitations
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| A pt. returns post coronary angiography to the floor. What is the priority intervention following this procedure? | show 🗑
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| show | look at most # of risk factors
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| show | Sa node triggers electrical impulse traveling to AV node then to Bundle of His and to Purkinje Fibers
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| show | a camera that looks at the heart from different angles and takes pics of its electrical activity
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| What does a flat line on an EKG indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | P-wave
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| What does the P-wave indicate about the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | where Na+ rushes into the cell and changes gradients to make the K+/Na+ pump push Na+ back out (Electrical)
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| What is directly after the P-wave and what does it indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | QRS wave
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| What does the QRS wave indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | q is negative; r is positive; t is negative
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| What is the 3rd wave of an ekg? | show 🗑
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| show | ventricular repolarization
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| Define: Ventricular repolarization | show 🗑
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| Out of atrial/ventricular and de/repolarization which is the most vulnerable? | show 🗑
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| show | T-waves
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| Waves or amplitudes are bigger if: | show 🗑
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| show | looking at a 6 sec. strip, count # of QRS waves and multiply by ten
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| show | help to measure regular/irregular rhythms over time
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| show | HR:60-100; Regular Rhythm; p-wave is before QRS
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| What is a 12 lead EKG used for? | show 🗑
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| How is a dsyrhythmia classified? | show 🗑
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| show | ventricular; atrial is just when the AV node becomes the pacemaker instead of the SA node
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| What can cause a PAC arrythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs right before P-wave and is a dip under the baseline
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| show | less than 60bpm, regular, looks like normal sinus just slower
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| Rx: Sinus Bradycardia | show 🗑
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| Explain Sinus Tachycardia | show 🗑
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| What could cause sinus tachycardia? | show 🗑
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| show | age, athletic
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| show | VS, treat underlying condition
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| show | benign
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| show | give Coumadin
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| show | HR: 220-430bpm, regular or irregular, sawtoothed, alot of P-waves
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| show | the impulse circulatees in the atria and instead of contracting the heart flutters
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| show | decreased Cardiac Output, decreased BP/Perfusion,
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| show | risk for pulmonary edema and cranial embolus
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| What is most common arrhythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | HR:350-650bpm, irregular,no p-waves
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| Rx of A-Fib | show 🗑
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| show | pulse and apical pulse will be irregular
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| What can A-Fib cause? | show 🗑
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| show | ischemia
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| show | Supraventricular Tachycardia
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| AKA SVT? | show 🗑
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| S/S of SVT? | show 🗑
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| Rx of SVT? | show 🗑
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| What does adenosine do to the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | 6mg push very fast, if heart doesn't stop give 12mg
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| show | do valsalva maneuvers and carotid massages
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| Explain Cardioversion | show 🗑
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| show | b/c it will cause ventricular tachycardia
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| show | pinpointed in cath lab, invasive, finds and destroys area where extra impulses are
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| Explain Defibrillation | show 🗑
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| show | t-wave is always inverted, wide QRS
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| show | increased risk for v-tachy
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| Rx of PVC | show 🗑
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| S/S of V-Tach for patient | show 🗑
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| show | if stable can give Amiodarone if unstable use defibrillator
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| show | +100bpm, regular, wide QRS,
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| show | 300-600, irregular, no p-wave, chaotic, no pulse/BP/waves,
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| Rx V-Fib | show 🗑
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| S/S of Ventricular Asystole | show 🗑
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| show | do CPR, give epinephrine before defibrillator
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| show | DEATH
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| Explain Implantable Cardioverter | show 🗑
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| show | kills tissues that send bad impulses
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| show | atrial-fibrillation
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| show | Defibrillation
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| show | turn on sync button
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| On EKG what is vertical axis? | show 🗑
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| On EKG what is horizontal axis? | show 🗑
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| Adenosine is given for? | show 🗑
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| SE of Adenosine | show 🗑
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| Adenosine classification | show 🗑
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| Amiodarone classification | show 🗑
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| show | v-tach/fib
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| Amiodarone is given via? | show 🗑
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| show | vasodilation, hypotension
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| show | works on entire body to slow all processes down
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| show | lower BP, stops angina, prevents rhythm issues
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| show | VERY fatigued, dizzy, hypotension, bradycardia
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| show | OLOL
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| Diogoxin Classification | show 🗑
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| show | increases contractility of heart but slows HR
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| show | check apical pulse for 1 min and it must be greater than 60bpm in order to givecheck K+ to make sure not hyperkalemic b/c
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| TL of Digoxin | show 🗑
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| show | calcium blocker
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| What does a calcium do in the body? | show 🗑
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| Give Diltiazem for? | show 🗑
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| Digoxin is given for? | show 🗑
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| When to not give Digoxin? | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension, bradycardia
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| How to give Digoxin? | show 🗑
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| What does Diltiazem do to the heart? | show 🗑
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| Epinephrine is given for? | show 🗑
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| How many times can Epinephrine be given? | show 🗑
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| SE of epinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | antiarrhythmic, numbing agent
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| show | PVC
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| What does Lidocaine do to the heart? | show 🗑
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| How to give Lidocaine? | show 🗑
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| show | confusion, agitation, anxiety
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| show | volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
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| show | left ventricle must overcome resistance to circulate blood
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| When is preload increased? | show 🗑
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| show | hypertension and vasoconstriction
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| show | Cardiac workload
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| What are the three levels of damage for MI? | show 🗑
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| show | o2 deprived, irreversible, causes Q waves
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| Describe MI injury | show 🗑
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| Describe ischemia | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 types of angina? | show 🗑
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| What is CAD? | show 🗑
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| What causes athrosclerosis? | show 🗑
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| Of stable/unstable angina which is better? | show 🗑
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| show | pressure, pain, occurs with exertion
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| show | sit down, deep breaths, take nitro
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| show | with rest and nitro
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| show | chest pain with rest or minimal exertion
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| When does unstable angina usually occur? | show 🗑
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| If unstable angina, at risk for? | show 🗑
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| Precautions for Nitro pill | show 🗑
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| show | take every one minute up to 3 pills, assess BP each time and if pain still doesnt go away go to ER
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| show | infarction; ischemia
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| show | ischemic
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| show | s-t segment elevation
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| show | very tall q wave
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| show | no contractility and can cause HF
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| The extent of infarction depends on | show 🗑
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| show | -"statin", ex. Lovostatin
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| show | LFTs, if LFTs are increased, must D/C and change drug
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| Nitro __ workload of the heart, ___ oxygen demand and__ pre/afterload | show 🗑
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| What does morphine do to the body? | show 🗑
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| show | 2-4mg IVP
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| When do you give Morphine for MI? | show 🗑
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| show | anterior MI
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| If pt. has LAD obstruction whattype of MI? | show 🗑
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| show | posterior/lateral MI
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| show | inferior MI
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| What are lab tests performed for MI? | show 🗑
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| show | when the cells die
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| show | 0, the more + the worse the MI damage
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| show | less than 200
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| In assessing MI pt. what do RN assess for? | show 🗑
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| What heart sounds are heard with MI? | show 🗑
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| show | jaw, chest, arm, back
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| Pt. with MI would appear to look like? | show 🗑
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| show | crackles if leading to progression of HF
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| Classification of ACE inhibitors | show 🗑
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| What are ACE inhibitors given for? | show 🗑
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| SE of ACE inhibitors | show 🗑
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| show | ends in -"dipine" except for Cardiazem
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| show | to decrease BP and HR
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| What is the Pain management sequence for MI? | show 🗑
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| What is the order sequence for Pain management of MI? | show 🗑
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| What do fibronolytics do? | show 🗑
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| When to give fibronolytics? | show 🗑
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| show | Bleeding
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| show | check stool and urine and iv site for oozing or blood
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| show | pt. will go into V-tach, treat v-tach; its good b/c shows reestablished perfusion
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| Explain glycoprotein inhibitors | show 🗑
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| Examples of fibronolytics | show 🗑
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| show | reopro, aggrastat
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| SE of Glycoprotein inhibitors | show 🗑
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| Explain Plavix | show 🗑
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| Explain Aspirin | show 🗑
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| Explain Beta Blockers | show 🗑
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| Monitor what with Beta Blocker | show 🗑
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| show | HR
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| Examples of Ca+ Blockers | show 🗑
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| show | put stents in artery; never occurs in left main!
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| Post PTCA monitoring | show 🗑
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| Define: Cardiac Tamponade | show 🗑
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| S/S of Cardiac Tamponade | show 🗑
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| Cardiac Tamponade with decreased BP, think ___ ___ | show 🗑
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| show | BP decreases 15mmHg when taking big deep breath
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| Rx of Cardiac Tamponade | show 🗑
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| show | bypass surgery
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| Explain CABG | show 🗑
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| During CABG, explain what to do with heart | show 🗑
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| Define: Cardioplegia | show 🗑
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| 1st Post-Op stage of CABG- Nursing actions | show 🗑
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| show | asleep, hypothermic, ventilator
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| show | give Heparin (may ooze) and give morphine
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| show | watch for atelactasis, dysrhythmias, watch wound and dressing, watch hemodynamics and pericardial friction rub
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| Define: Atelactasis | show 🗑
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| show | incentive spirometry, cough, deep breathe
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| What Dysrhythmias to look for with CABG | show 🗑
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| What labs to watch for with CABG? | show 🗑
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| show | cant drive for 6wks, watch for infection
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| show | hear "lubb" squeak "dupp, expected with CABG, no pain,
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| show | Usually 6-8wks, pt to cardiac rehab, med/diet, risk factors
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|
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