fundamentals ati unit 2 ch 23
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| show | neurological and cardiovascular
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| show | rectum and tympanic membranes
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| show | skin, mouth and axillae
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| normal temperature range | show 🗑
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| Difference between oral and rectal temperature | show 🗑
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| difference between oral and axillary temperatures | show 🗑
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| heat production results from | show 🗑
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| heat loss from body occurs through... | show 🗑
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| conduction | show 🗑
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| convection | show 🗑
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| evaporation | show 🗑
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| show | transfer of heat from one object to another object w/o contact b/w them
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| show | large surface to mass ration, lose heat rapidly to environment. Should be maintained at 95.9 to 99.5 degrees.
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| older adult and temperature | show 🗑
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| show | slight rise w/ ovulation and menses. menopause, intermittent body temperature may inc. up to 7.2 degrees.
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| exercise, activity and dehydration may contribute to _ | show 🗑
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| illness and injury are often associated w/ ____ in temperature | show 🗑
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| show | food, fluid, smoking
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| inaccuracy in tympanic technique for temperature | show 🗑
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| show | if the temperature exceeds 102.2 degrees
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| hyperthermia | show 🗑
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| interventions for high fever | show 🗑
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| show | body temperature < 95 degrees an abnormally low body temp.
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| show | provide warm environment temp, heated humidified oxygen, warming blanket, friction to extremities/warmed oral or IV fluids. continuous cardiac monitoring, emergency resuscitation equipment on standby.
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| show | how much blood is pumped from the heart (left vent) to arterial circulation in 1 minute. CO=HR x SV (stroke volume)
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| The ____ system controls heart rate | show 🗑
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| The ____ system lower the heart rate | show 🗑
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| The ___ system raises the heart rate | show 🗑
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| show | measurement of heart rate and rhythem. It is the wave-like sensations/impulses felt in a peripheral arterial vessel or over the apex of the heart.
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| show | number of times per minute the pulse is felt or heard
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| show | regularity at which each impulse is felt. Premature or late heart beat can result in an irregular interval and can indicate abnormal electrical activity of heart.
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| strength (amplitude) of a pulse | show 🗑
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| equality - peripheral pulse | show 🗑
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| normal pulse range for adults | show 🗑
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| show | pulse rate > 100/min
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| bradycardia | show 🗑
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| show | irregular rhythm of heart that frequently is noted as an irregular radial pulse
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| pulse deficit | show 🗑
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| age impact on pulse | show 🗑
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| show | exercise, fever, medications (epinephrine, levothyroixine), changing positions (lay to sit to stand) acute pain, hyperthyroidism, anemia, hypoxemia, stress, anxiety, fear, hypovolemia, shock and heart failure lead to dec. CO w/ compensatory inc. HR
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| show | long term physical fitness, hypothermia, meds (digoxin, beta-blockers, ca channel blockers), changing position (stand to sit to lay), chronic pain, hypothyroidism
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| show | 30 seconds times it by 2
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| how long should you count an irregular pulse for? | show 🗑
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| show | 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line. Use for infant HR, rapid rates (>100/min), irregular rhythms or rates prior to administration of cardiac meds. 1 full minute.
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| what should you also assess for in a client with tachycardia? | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension, chest pain, diaphoresis, dyspnea, altered mental status
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| show | CO2 levels of the blood. If CO2 rises, RR inc. to rid body of excess.
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| Ventilation | show 🗑
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| Diffusion | show 🗑
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| Perfusion | show 🗑
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| show | vital sign evaluates effectiveness of ventilatory process of oxygen and co2 exchange.
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| show | number of full inspirations and expirations in 1 min. Determine by observing number of times chest rises and falls. Normal in adults is 12-20 RR/Min
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| show | amount of chest wall expansion occurs w/ each breath. abnormal depths are deep or shallow.
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| show | observe breathing intervals. reg rhythm w/ occasional sigh is normal in adults
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| show | measure O2 saturation of blood by infrared light that measures SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) by light absorption by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in arterial blood.
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| normal pulse ox | show 🗑
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| pulse ox values may be slightly lower in what type of client | show 🗑
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| show | <91%. <86% emergency <80% life threatening. The lower the value the less accurate the measurement
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| show | decreases with age. newborns have rate of 30-60/min. School age children 20-30/min. adults 12-20/min
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| gender related issues to respiration | show 🗑
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| pains effect on respiration | show 🗑
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| anxiety effect on respiration | show 🗑
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| smoking effect on respiration | show 🗑
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| show | upright allow chest wall to expand fully
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| medications effect on respiration | show 🗑
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| Neurological injury and respiration | show 🗑
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| show | dec, use of accessory muscles
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| show | impair oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, increases, change rhythm to compensate
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| Hypoxemia | show 🗑
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| Blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | occurs during ventricular systole of heart and represents max amt of pressure exerted on arteries.
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| show | occurs during ventricular diastole of heart and represents min amt of pressure exerted on arteries.
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| show | CO and systemic vascular resistance. BP= CO x SVR. CO determined by HR, Contractility, blood volume, venous return (up any > up CO > up BP) SVR determined by amt of constriction/dilation of arteries. up in SVR > up BP
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| Normal BP | show 🗑
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| show | 120-139/80-89
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| stage 1 hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | > or equal 160/greater or equal 100
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| show | stage 1 hypertension bc diastolic places them in that category. determined by higher reading.
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| show | stage 1 hypertension
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| show | BP below normal systlic <90 and can be result of fluid depletion, heart failure or vasodilation
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| pulse pressure | show 🗑
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| postural (orthostatic) hypotension | show 🗑
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| Age and blood pressure | show 🗑
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| circadian (diurnal) rhythms and BP | show 🗑
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| show | in in bp assoc. w/ fear, emotional strain and acute pain
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| ethnicity and bp | show 🗑
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| gender and bp | show 🗑
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| medications and bp | show 🗑
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| show | dec bp for several hours after
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| show | 40% of the arm circumference at the point where cuff will be wrapped.
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| BP should not be taken on an arm that __ | show 🗑
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| where should the bp cuff be applied | show 🗑
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| show | first clear sound
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| show | point where sound is muffled then disappears
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| Lifestyle modification for hypertension | show 🗑
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