Physical Science 9
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| alkali metal | the first column of elements on the periodic table with one electron in outer shell. Alkali metals are very reactive, have low melting points, could be described as having a silvery color and feeling soft to the touch
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| alkaline earth metal | is an element listed in the second column of the periodic table with two electrons in outer shell, reactive, silvery white, low melting and boiling points
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| atomic mass | average mass of an element’s isotopes (isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons)
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| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom
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| bond | the force that holds atoms together to form molecules
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| chemical compound | chemical substance that consists of two or more chemical elements that bond together
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| chemical formula | formula that gives information about the proportion of atoms in a molecule
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| chemical property | the matter’s ability to combine with or change into one or more substances
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| compound | a substance that is composed of two or more atoms that are bonded together
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| covalent bond | chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons
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| electron | a negatively-charged subatomic particle that is located outside of the nucleus
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| electron cloud | the area of the atom outside of the nucleus
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| electron shell | a region of an atom containing electrons
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| electronegativity | the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself from an atom of another element
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| element | a substance that is made of only one type of atom
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| energy levels | levels of energy surrounding the nucleus occupied by electrons, also known as orbitals or shells
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| extended structure | organized structure made by the arrangement of the same molecule
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| group | vertical column in the periodic table; in their neutral states, each element in a group shares the same or similar number of valence electrons
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| halogen | is an element listed in group 17 of the periodic table of elements that are non-metals, with low melting and boiling points, fairly toxic and reactive.
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| inert | nonreactive
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| ion | a charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains one or more electrons
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| ionic bond | chemical bond in which one or more electrons is transferred from one atom to another
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| ionic bond | a type of intermolecular bond based on the attractive forces between charged ions
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| ionic compound | a substance that consists of oppositely charged ions
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| mass number | the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
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| metal | an element that is lustrous (shiny), conducts electricity and thermal energy, is malleable (able to be hammered into a thin sheet), is ductile (able to be pulled into a thin wire), and often reacts with an acid
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| metallic bond | chemical bond in which a positively charged metal ion and a loosely held valence electron are attracted
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| metalloid | an element that is solid at room temperature and weakly conducts electricity and thermal energy
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| molecular model | three-dimensional representation of a molecule
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| molecule | group of two or more atoms joined together with bonds
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| neutron | a neutral subatomic particle
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| noble gas | is an element listed in group 18 of the periodic table that conducts electricity, is odorless, colorless, stable and generally nonreactive
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| nonmetal | an element that isn’t lustrous, poorly conducts electricity and thermal energy, and is brittle (shatters easily)
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| nucleus | the center of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons
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| organic molecule | a molecule, typically found in living systems, containing carbon chains or rings
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| period | a horizontal row in the periodic table; in their neutral states, all elements in a period have the same number of energy levels
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| periodic table of elements | a table that lists all the known chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number as you go from left to right and from top to bottom
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| physical property | a characteristic of matter that is measurable and/or observable without changing its composition, such as melting point, boiling point, freezing point, and density
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| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| representative elements series | groups 1,2 and 13-18 on the periodic table, labeled IA-VIIIA
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| valence electron | an electron in the outermost energy level
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| valence shell | the outermost electron shell of an atom
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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