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Sem A Unit 2
Physical Science 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alkali metal | the first column of elements on the periodic table with one electron in outer shell. Alkali metals are very reactive, have low melting points, could be described as having a silvery color and feeling soft to the touch |
| alkaline earth metal | is an element listed in the second column of the periodic table with two electrons in outer shell, reactive, silvery white, low melting and boiling points |
| atomic mass | average mass of an element’s isotopes (isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons) |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom |
| bond | the force that holds atoms together to form molecules |
| chemical compound | chemical substance that consists of two or more chemical elements that bond together |
| chemical formula | formula that gives information about the proportion of atoms in a molecule |
| chemical property | the matter’s ability to combine with or change into one or more substances |
| compound | a substance that is composed of two or more atoms that are bonded together |
| covalent bond | chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons |
| electron | a negatively-charged subatomic particle that is located outside of the nucleus |
| electron cloud | the area of the atom outside of the nucleus |
| electron shell | a region of an atom containing electrons |
| electronegativity | the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself from an atom of another element |
| element | a substance that is made of only one type of atom |
| energy levels | levels of energy surrounding the nucleus occupied by electrons, also known as orbitals or shells |
| extended structure | organized structure made by the arrangement of the same molecule |
| group | vertical column in the periodic table; in their neutral states, each element in a group shares the same or similar number of valence electrons |
| halogen | is an element listed in group 17 of the periodic table of elements that are non-metals, with low melting and boiling points, fairly toxic and reactive. |
| inert | nonreactive |
| ion | a charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains one or more electrons |
| ionic bond | chemical bond in which one or more electrons is transferred from one atom to another |
| ionic bond | a type of intermolecular bond based on the attractive forces between charged ions |
| ionic compound | a substance that consists of oppositely charged ions |
| mass number | the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom |
| metal | an element that is lustrous (shiny), conducts electricity and thermal energy, is malleable (able to be hammered into a thin sheet), is ductile (able to be pulled into a thin wire), and often reacts with an acid |
| metallic bond | chemical bond in which a positively charged metal ion and a loosely held valence electron are attracted |
| metalloid | an element that is solid at room temperature and weakly conducts electricity and thermal energy |
| molecular model | three-dimensional representation of a molecule |
| molecule | group of two or more atoms joined together with bonds |
| neutron | a neutral subatomic particle |
| noble gas | is an element listed in group 18 of the periodic table that conducts electricity, is odorless, colorless, stable and generally nonreactive |
| nonmetal | an element that isn’t lustrous, poorly conducts electricity and thermal energy, and is brittle (shatters easily) |
| nucleus | the center of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons |
| organic molecule | a molecule, typically found in living systems, containing carbon chains or rings |
| period | a horizontal row in the periodic table; in their neutral states, all elements in a period have the same number of energy levels |
| periodic table of elements | a table that lists all the known chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number as you go from left to right and from top to bottom |
| physical property | a characteristic of matter that is measurable and/or observable without changing its composition, such as melting point, boiling point, freezing point, and density |
| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| representative elements series | groups 1,2 and 13-18 on the periodic table, labeled IA-VIIIA |
| valence electron | an electron in the outermost energy level |
| valence shell | the outermost electron shell of an atom |
Created by:
Kaplocher
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