Medical Surgical Nursing II - Cardiovascular Unit Review
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| Controllable risk factors for heart disease include | Smoking, Lack of Exercise, HTN, DM, Syndrome X, Stress, ALcohol
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| Uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease include | Age, gender, family hisotry, race
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| Cholesterol levels should be below | 200
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| Limit sodium intake to | 2300-2400 or 1.25 tsp a day
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| Refined sugar should be limited to less than | 10% of total caloric intake
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| Solubale fiber needs | 15-45 grams
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| S & S of Cardiac Patients | Edmea, chest pain, palpatations, dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea,
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| Assessment of Cardiac Patients | pain, pulse, apical pulse, LOC, skin color temp and moisture, cap refill, breath sounds, edema, pulmonary congestion
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| Ejection Fraction is | percentage of blood ejected from left ventricle during contraction
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| Normal Ejection Fraction | 50-75%
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| CK Lab is also called | Creatnine Kinase
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| CK Lab | detects muscle cell damage, elevates in 6 hours and returns to baseline in 48-72 hours
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| CK-MB Lab | more specific lab test - cardiac specific ISO enzyme, elevates in 6 hours and returns to baseline in 72 hours
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| Troponin lab | great test for early detection MI's
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| Troponin Lab rises in | 3 hours, sensitive indicator for MI
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| Best lab for silent MI | Troponin
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| Normal Cardiac Outpul | 4-8 LPM
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| amount of blood being pumped out by venticles per mine | Cardiac Output
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| Amount of blood in the ventricles before they contract | Preload
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| Measures prelaod | Central Venous Pressure
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| Normal central venous pressure | 2-6 mmG
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| Amount of force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the aorta thru the aortic valve | Afterload
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| force of the contraction | Contractility
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| inability of the heart to meet the body's demand for cardiac output | Heart Failure
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| build up of placque in the arteries | Atherosclerosis
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| Build up of fluid that leaks into the lungs | Pulmonary Edema
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| Decreased cardiac output affects the | kidneys
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| R SIde Heart Failure caused by COPD is called | Cor Pulmonale
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| Primary Symptom of R Side Heart Failure | Edema and JVD
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| Most important factor to consider with cardiac patients | they need rest to decrease cardiac workload and demand for oxygen
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| Blocks angiotension II to decrease aldosterone production | Ace Inhibitors
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| Causes vasodilation with Decreased BP and decreased work of the heart | Ace Inhibitors
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| Lisonopril, Enalapril, Captopril | Ace Inhibitors
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| Rids the body of excess water and sodium | Diuretics
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| Side effect of Diruetics | Hypokalemia
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| Decreased workload of the heart by decreasing fluid volume | Diuretics
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| Furosemid | Diuretic
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| Increases force of myocardial contractions to Increase CO | Inotropic Agent
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| Helps the heart beat stronger | Inotropics
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| Drug class that deals with contractility | Inotropic Agents
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| Digoxin is what kind of drug | Inotrop
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| S&S of DIG toxicity | Anorexia, N/V Halos, arrythmias, bradycardic
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| Drug that increases CO and HR because its an Inotrop and Chronotrop | Dobutamine or Dobutrex
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| Synthetic Beta Natruetic Peptide that stimulates diuresis and vasodilation | Nesirtide or Natrecor
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| Pacemaker of the heart | SA node
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| Sa node is located where | Right atrium
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| Regular HR, Normal Rhythm, Over 100 | Sinus Tachy
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| Regular HR, Normal Rhthym, Less than 60 | Sinus Brady
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| Causes of Bradycardia | vagus stimulation, dig toxicity, anesthesia, hypothyroidism
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| Causes of Tachycardia | exercise, emotion, pain, HTN, anemia, electrolyte disturbances drugs
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| Extopy is | irregular beat caused by impulse firing before the normal sequence from SA node
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| Most common substained arrythmia | Atril fib
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| 3rd degree heart block requries | pacemaker
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| All impulses blocked at AV node is called | 3rd Degree heart block
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| deposit of fatty material on artery lining | Placque
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| constriction or narrowing of a passage | stenosis
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| countershock to the heart thry electrodes placed on the chest to start fib of the heart | Defibrillation
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| Breads and grains needed | 6 servings per day
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| Fruits needed | 2 servings per day
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| Vegetables needed | 3 servings per day
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| Meats needed | no more than 6oz per day
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| Milk needed | at least 2 servings per day
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| ST depression | Ischemia or injury
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| ST elevation | Infarction
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