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MS II Cardiac Unit
Medical Surgical Nursing II - Cardiovascular Unit Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Controllable risk factors for heart disease include | Smoking, Lack of Exercise, HTN, DM, Syndrome X, Stress, ALcohol |
| Uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease include | Age, gender, family hisotry, race |
| Cholesterol levels should be below | 200 |
| Limit sodium intake to | 2300-2400 or 1.25 tsp a day |
| Refined sugar should be limited to less than | 10% of total caloric intake |
| Solubale fiber needs | 15-45 grams |
| S & S of Cardiac Patients | Edmea, chest pain, palpatations, dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, |
| Assessment of Cardiac Patients | pain, pulse, apical pulse, LOC, skin color temp and moisture, cap refill, breath sounds, edema, pulmonary congestion |
| Ejection Fraction is | percentage of blood ejected from left ventricle during contraction |
| Normal Ejection Fraction | 50-75% |
| CK Lab is also called | Creatnine Kinase |
| CK Lab | detects muscle cell damage, elevates in 6 hours and returns to baseline in 48-72 hours |
| CK-MB Lab | more specific lab test - cardiac specific ISO enzyme, elevates in 6 hours and returns to baseline in 72 hours |
| Troponin lab | great test for early detection MI's |
| Troponin Lab rises in | 3 hours, sensitive indicator for MI |
| Best lab for silent MI | Troponin |
| Normal Cardiac Outpul | 4-8 LPM |
| amount of blood being pumped out by venticles per mine | Cardiac Output |
| Amount of blood in the ventricles before they contract | Preload |
| Measures prelaod | Central Venous Pressure |
| Normal central venous pressure | 2-6 mmG |
| Amount of force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the aorta thru the aortic valve | Afterload |
| force of the contraction | Contractility |
| inability of the heart to meet the body's demand for cardiac output | Heart Failure |
| build up of placque in the arteries | Atherosclerosis |
| Build up of fluid that leaks into the lungs | Pulmonary Edema |
| Decreased cardiac output affects the | kidneys |
| R SIde Heart Failure caused by COPD is called | Cor Pulmonale |
| Primary Symptom of R Side Heart Failure | Edema and JVD |
| Most important factor to consider with cardiac patients | they need rest to decrease cardiac workload and demand for oxygen |
| Blocks angiotension II to decrease aldosterone production | Ace Inhibitors |
| Causes vasodilation with Decreased BP and decreased work of the heart | Ace Inhibitors |
| Lisonopril, Enalapril, Captopril | Ace Inhibitors |
| Rids the body of excess water and sodium | Diuretics |
| Side effect of Diruetics | Hypokalemia |
| Decreased workload of the heart by decreasing fluid volume | Diuretics |
| Furosemid | Diuretic |
| Increases force of myocardial contractions to Increase CO | Inotropic Agent |
| Helps the heart beat stronger | Inotropics |
| Drug class that deals with contractility | Inotropic Agents |
| Digoxin is what kind of drug | Inotrop |
| S&S of DIG toxicity | Anorexia, N/V Halos, arrythmias, bradycardic |
| Drug that increases CO and HR because its an Inotrop and Chronotrop | Dobutamine or Dobutrex |
| Synthetic Beta Natruetic Peptide that stimulates diuresis and vasodilation | Nesirtide or Natrecor |
| Pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| Sa node is located where | Right atrium |
| Regular HR, Normal Rhythm, Over 100 | Sinus Tachy |
| Regular HR, Normal Rhthym, Less than 60 | Sinus Brady |
| Causes of Bradycardia | vagus stimulation, dig toxicity, anesthesia, hypothyroidism |
| Causes of Tachycardia | exercise, emotion, pain, HTN, anemia, electrolyte disturbances drugs |
| Extopy is | irregular beat caused by impulse firing before the normal sequence from SA node |
| Most common substained arrythmia | Atril fib |
| 3rd degree heart block requries | pacemaker |
| All impulses blocked at AV node is called | 3rd Degree heart block |
| deposit of fatty material on artery lining | Placque |
| constriction or narrowing of a passage | stenosis |
| countershock to the heart thry electrodes placed on the chest to start fib of the heart | Defibrillation |
| Breads and grains needed | 6 servings per day |
| Fruits needed | 2 servings per day |
| Vegetables needed | 3 servings per day |
| Meats needed | no more than 6oz per day |
| Milk needed | at least 2 servings per day |
| ST depression | Ischemia or injury |
| ST elevation | Infarction |
Created by:
digitaldane
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