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know for nclex

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show Premature separation of a normally positioned placenta in a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks' gestation either before labor or during labor but before delivery. This serious complication of pregnancy, occurring in one of every 200 births and often resulting  
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Abuse   show
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show 1. The act or process of adapting to changes in the physiologic or psychological environment to maintain homeostasis. 2. In ophthalmology: adjustment of the lens of the eye for various distances. 3. In sociology: the use of compromise, arbitration, or neg  
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)   show
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show Acquired immunity caused by the production of antibodies, either after infection or as a result of vaccination.  
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show A form of leukemia, most commonly occurring in children, marked by large numbers of immature leukocytes in the blood and blood-forming tissues (including the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes). The disease has a sudden onset and rapid clinical c  
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show Acute inflammation of the kidney, possibly involving the glomerulus, tubules, and interstitial tissues.  
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show A life-threatening condition characterized by fatigue, hypotension, loss of appetite and weight, nausea or vomiting, and increased hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. It results from partial or complete loss of glucocorticoid, mineralocort  
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show An emergency situation occurring with adrenal hypofunction and exposure to trauma, surgery, or other severe physiologic stress that exhausts the body's stores of glucocorticoids.  
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Adrenergic   show
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Advance directive   show
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Agonist   show
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show An intense, irrational fear of being in open spaces or of venturing out from the home or other familiar setting. The anxiety may be generalized to any setting beyond the home or may be specific for certain types of situations and environments, such as ope  
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show 1. Loss of the ability to move voluntarily. 2. The rest period after systole in the normal heart rhythm. 3. In psychiatry: a neurotic condition characterized by symptoms of paralysis.  
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show A test designed to evaluate a client's collateral circulation in the arm before an invasive arterial procedure such as arterial blood gas analysis. While the client's radial and ulnar arteries are occluded, he clenches his fist, causing the hand to blanch  
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show Decreased visual acuity in one eye in the absence of detectable structural or pathologic changes.  
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show The absence or cessation of menstruation. Except in preadolescents and in pregnant and postmenopausal women, amenorrhea may reflect dysfunction of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, or uterus; congenital absence or surgical removal of both ovaries  
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show Withdrawal of a sample of amniotic fluid by transabdominal puncture and needle aspiration, usually performed during the fifth month of pregnancy to detect such genetic disorders as Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and Tay-Sachs disease; if the clinicia  
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Amniotomy   show
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Analgesic   show
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Anaphylaxis   show
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show A surgical procedure in which two blood vessels, ducts, or other tubelike structures are joined to allow the flow of substances between them. Types of anastomoses are end-to-end and side-to-side.  
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show Severe chest pain characterized by sensations of spasm, constriction, and crushing weight, classically radiating from the area over the heart to the left shoulder and arm and possibly accompanied by a feeling of choking or suffocation. Angina usually resu  
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Anorexia   show
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Anorexia nervosa   show
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show 1. In pharmacology: a drug that nullifies the action of another drug. 2. In anatomy: a muscle whose effects counteract the effects of another muscle. 3. In dentistry, a tooth that meets another in the opposite jaw during chewing or clenching of the teeth.  
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Anteroposterior-to-lateral   show
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Anticholinergic   show
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Anticipatory guidance   show
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show Elasticized stockings prescribed for some postoperative or bedridden clients to enhance venous blood flow from the lower extremities and thus prevent thromboembolism resulting from pooling of blood in the veins and dilation of veins.  
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show A disorder that manifests after age 15 as a pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights of others.  
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show Absence of urine production.  
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Aortic stenosis   show
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show A numerical evaluation of a neonate's condition in which a rating of 0, 1, or 2 is assigned to each of five criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex responses, and skin color. The five scores are then combined: A score of 7 to 10 is c  
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Aphasia   show
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show A recurring disease of unknown cause marked by the eruption of ulcers on the mucous membranes of the mouth. Also called canker sore.  
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show Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. When acute, appendicitis commonly necessitates an appendectomy to prevent perforation of the appendix and subsequent peritonitis.  
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Apraxia   show
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Asepsis   show
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show A respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea, bronchospasm, wheezing on expiration, and coughing. Conditions that may trigger an asthma attack include inhalation of allergens or pollutants, vigorous exercise, emotional s  
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show Impairment of the ability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement.  
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Atopic dermatitis   show
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Audiometry   show
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show Perceptual experiences occurring in the absence of actual external sensory stimuli (for example, hearing voices telling one to do something).  
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Auscultatory gap   show
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show A mid-diastolic aortic regurgitation murmur usually heard best using the bell of the stethoscope over the mitral area. It’s a low-pitched, rumbling murmur.  
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show The surgical transfer of tissue (commonly skin) from one location of the body to another location in the same individual.  
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Autoimmune disorder   show
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Autoimmunity   show
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show Reaction that may occur in clients with spinal cord injury above T6. Dysreflexia results in profuse diaphoresis, pounding headache, blurred vision, and dramatically elevated blood pressure. This life-threatening reaction may occur even from seemingly mino  
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Autosomal recessive disorder   show
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show Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Escherichia coli.  
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Battle's sign   show
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show A mood disorder characterized by major depression and full manic episodes.  
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show Means for calculating the amount of drug to be given to a client (typically a child) using a nomogram or for estimating the extent of a burn  
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Borderline personality disorder   show
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show Irregularity in heart rate or rhythm characterized by slowness.  
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show A slow but steady heartbeat at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute. Bradycardia is normal during sleep and in well-conditioned athletes. In other circumstances, it may indicate an abnormal condition, such as brain tumor or digitalis toxicity.  
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show Light, painless, irregular uterine tightening during pregnancy, arising during the first trimester and increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity by the third trimester. Also called false labor. Strong Braxton Hicks contractions occurring near term  
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show Distention of the milk ducts and surrounding tissue as breast milk is formed, causing the breasts to become fuller, larger, and firmer.  
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show A lung inflammation that usually begins in the terminal bronchioles, occurring mainly in infants and debilitated persons. Also called bronchopneumonia. Commonly, bronchiolitis results from upper respiratory infection, specific infectious fevers, and other  
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Bronchoscopy   show
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show Single-lumen silicone central venous catheter used for long-term venous access.  
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Brudzinski's sign   show
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Bruit   show
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Buccal   show
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Bulimia   show
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show A diagnostic procedure in which a cardiac catheter is inserted into a large vein (usually of an arm or leg) and then threaded through the vein to the client's heart.  
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Cardiac output   show
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show A condition of low cardiac output that results from heart pump failure, such as in acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or severe cardiomyopathy.  
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Cardiomyopathy   show
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show A stuporous or unresponsive state commonly characterized by an inability to move or talk.  
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show Any of a group of compounds having a sympathomimetic action and composed of a catechol molecule and the aliphatic portion of an amine. Some catecholamines are produced by the body and function as key neurologic chemicals. Others are synthesized as drugs f  
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show The aggregation of spinal roots, resembling the tail of a horse, that descend from the first lumbar vertebrae and occupy the vertebral canal below the cord.  
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Celiac disease   show
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Cellulitis   show
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show A saclike dilation of the wall of a cerebral artery, typically resulting from weakness of the wall. A cerebral, or berry, aneurysm usually occurs in the circle of Willis and is prone to rupture.  
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Cerebral contusion   show
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Cerebral palsy   show
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show Administration of agents that bind to metals; administered to aid in the removal of excess metals, such as lead or iron in the body.  
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Chemotherapy   show
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show An array of physical techniques, including postural drainage, chest percussion and vibration, and coughing and deep-breathing maneuvers. Chest physiotherapy is used to loosen and help eliminate lung secretions, reexpand lung tissue, and promote optimal us  
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Cholelithiasis   show
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Cholinergic   show
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Chronic bronchitis   show
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Chvostek's sign   show
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Circumferential   show
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show A chronic, degenerative liver disease in which the lobes are covered with fibrous tissue, the liver parenchyma degenerates, and the lobules are infiltrated with fat.  
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Clarification   show
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show Syndrome characterized by persistent sadness and dysphoria accompanied by disturbances in sleep and appetite, lethargy, and an inability to experience pleasure.  
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show A congenital foot deformity in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position.  
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Cognitive development   show
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show Examination of the colon using a flexible endoscope to visualize internal body areas or to remove tissue samples or small growths.  
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Communicable disease   show
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Compartment syndrome   show
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Compliance   show
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show A ritualistic, repetitive, and involuntary defensive behavior.  
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show A violent shock or jarring, such as from an explosion or a blow. Concussion of the brain is characterized by loss of consciousness. Severe concussion may also cause impairment of brain stem functions.  
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show Improper formation and function of the hip socket, commonly involving subluxation (where the femoral head is high in the acetabulum) or dislocation (where the femoral head is above the acetabulum).  
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show Solidification of the lungs that occurs with pneumonia.  
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show Abnormal flexion and fixation of a joint, possibly permanent, which is typically caused by muscle wasting and atrophy or by loss of normal skin elasticity such as from extensive scar tissue.  
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Controlled substance   show
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Conversion disorder   show
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Corrigan's pulse   show
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Couvades   show
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Crackles   show
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show A chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, usually involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall. Signs and symptoms include frequent episodes of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, chills, anorexia,  
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Croup   show
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Crowning   show
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show Clear solutions (usually in reference to I.V. solutions) containing electrolytes and water.  
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show A metabolic disorder caused by chronic, excessive production of adrenocortical hormones or by prolonged high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. It’s characterized by such signs and symptoms as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dusky complexion with purple striae  
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show Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from an excessive amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule such as in methemoglobin.  
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show Referring to the bluish or bluish black discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that results from excessive concentration of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.  
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Cystic fibrosis   show
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Cystoscopy   show
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Debridement   show
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Deceleration   show
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show A condition involving the development of a blood clot in the deep veins of the pelvis, groin, or legs that disrupts venous blood flow and leads to swelling and edema.  
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show The partial or complete separation of a wound's edges.  
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show Having insufficient water in the body or tissues.  
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show False ideas or beliefs accepted as real by the client.  
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Delusions of grandeur   show
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show An assessment tool used to evaluate the development of a child in four categories: personal social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor skills.  
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show A disorder that begins in early adulthood and is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fear of separation.  
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show Neutralization of electrical polarity; reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated. An example is the reduction of the ion differential of sodium and potassium across the nerve cells at the neuromuscular junction.  
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show A metabolic disorder marked by extreme polyuria and polydipsia and resulting from deficient secretion or production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or inability of the renal tubules to respond to ADH. (Rarely, excessive water intake causes signs and symptom  
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Diabetes mellitus   show
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Diabetic ketoacidosis   show
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)   show
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show 1. Tending to increase the formation and excretion of urine. 2. An agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine.  
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show Inflammation of one or more diverticula, or saclike herniations, in the muscular layer of the colon.  
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show The presence of saclike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon without accompanying inflammation. Most clients with this condition have few signs or symptoms except for occasional rectal bleeding.  
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show An indication of the number of drops needed to obtain one milliliter of solution delivered by a manufacturer's I.V. tubing based on the drop size.  
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show A condition of nausea, weakness, profuse sweating, and dizziness occurring in clients who have had a subtotal gastrectomy. Signs and symptoms arise soon after eating when the contents of the stomach empty too rapidly into the duodenum. Also called postgas  
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show Difficulty swallowing, commonly resulting from obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus. Obstructive disorders, such as an esophageal tumor or lower esophageal ring, interfere with the ability to swallow solids; motor disturbances such as achalasia  
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Dyspnea   show
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show Severe tonic contractions of the muscles in the neck, mouth, and tongue; dystonic reaction is a common adverse reaction to antipsychotic drugs.  
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Dysuria   show
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Echolalia   show
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show Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity. Types of ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pregnancy, interstitial pregnancy, and tubal pregnancy.  
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show Shortening of the vaginal portion of the cervix and thinning of its walls during labor due to stretching and dilation caused by the fetus. Full effacement obliterates the constrictive neck of the uterus. The extent of effacement is expressed as a percenta  
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show Type of restrictive device attached to the client's body at the elbow to restrict movement or access to another body part; may be applied after cleft palate repair to reduce the risk of injury to the suture line.  
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show Analysis of the waveforms seen on an electrocardiogram  
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show The induction of a brief seizure and loss of consciousness by applying a low-voltage alternating current to the brain through scalp electrodes. ECT is used in the treatment of affective disorders (primarily acute depression), especially in clients resista  
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show A record of the electrical activity of skeletal muscles, obtained by surface electrodes or needle electrodes and devices that amplify, transmit, and record the signals. The technique is helpful in diagnosing neuromuscular disorders, pinpointing motor nerv  
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Electromyography   show
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show An abnormal condition of the endocardium and heart valves marked by vegetations on the valves and endocardium. It may occur as a primary disorder or arise in association with another disease.  
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show Passage of a wide-bore tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea. It may be used to maintain a patent airway, administer anesthesia, aspirate secretions, prevent aspiration of foreign material into the tracheobronchial tree of an unconscious or para  
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show Referring to administration by mouth, rectum, or directly into the intestinal system.  
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Enteral feedings   show
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show A category-specific type of infection precautions established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention involving infections transmitted by intestinal secretions. These have since been replaced with standard precautions and transmission-based prec  
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Enuresis   show
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Epiglottis   show
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Epiglottitis   show
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show A group of neurologic disorders marked by uncontrolled electrical discharge from the cerebral cortex and typically manifested by seizures with clouding of consciousness. Epilepsy is most commonly of unknown cause (idiopathic) but is sometimes associated w  
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show Surgical incision into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery. It’s performed to prevent traumatic tearing of the perineum, to hasten or promote delivery, or to prevent stretching of perineal muscles and connective tissue.  
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Erikson   show
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show Hemolytic anemia of the neonate caused by placental transmission of maternally formed antibodies against the incompatible antigens of fetal blood. It results from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specifically involving the rhesus (Rh) factor an  
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show A thick scab or dry crust that appears after a thermal or chemical burn.  
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show A congenital anomaly involving closure of the esophagus at some point, often ending in a blind pouch.  
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Evaporation   show
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show 1. Pushing out or removal of the viscera, especially through a surgical incision. 2. In ophthalmology: excision of the contents of the eyeball (except the sclera).  
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exacerbation   show
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An increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder or in its signs and symptoms.   show
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show 1. Describing the tissues and structures of the brain located outside the pyramidal tract and not running through the medullary pyramid -- excluding the motor neurons, motor cortex, and corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts. 2. Of or relating to the func  
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show Escape, usually of blood, lymph, or I.V. solution, from a vessel into surrounding tissues.  
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Failure to thrive   show
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show Type of play involving imaginary playmates typically associated with preschoolers.  
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show Typically, a tonic-clonic seizure of relatively short duration (usually less than 1 minute) occurring with an acute illness and fever.  
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show A contagious, relatively benign disease caused by the Parvovirus B19; most commonly occurs in children ages 2 to 12 and is characterized by a red rash on the cheeks. Also called erythema infectiosum.  
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show A soft spot, such as the spaces covered by tough membranes remaining between the bones of an infant's skull.  
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full-term   show
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show The base of an organ; the portion of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth, such as the fundus of the uterus.  
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show Inflammation of the stomach and stomach lining.  
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Gastroenteritis   show
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show Opening created into the stomach.  
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show The development of diabetes during pregnancy, usually during the second trimester.  
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show Failure of an embryo to develop beyond a primitive state due to proliferation and degeneration of the trophoblastic villi becoming filled with fluid and appearing as grape-sized vesicles Also called a hydatidiform mole, molar pregnancy.  
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Glaucoma   show
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Glomerular filtration rate   show
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Glomerulonephritis   show
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show A group of disorders associated with inborn errors of metabolism that affect purine and pyrimidine use; results in increased production of uric acid or interferes with its excretion. Manifested by hyperuricemia, recurrent acute inflammatory arthritis, dep  
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Graham Steell's murmur   show
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Granulation tissue   show
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Graves' disease   show
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Gravid   show
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show Enlargement and development of the mammary glands in men, usually temporary and benign.  
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show Sensory perceptions that don't result from external stimuli and that occur during wakefulness.  
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show A legal document in which an individual designates another person, called an "attorney-in-fact," to act on the individual's behalf if the principal person becomes disabled or incapacitated. The document becomes void when the principal person dies or recov  
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Heart failure   show
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show Bleeding into a joint cavity.  
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show The presence of blood in the urine.  
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Hemicolectomy   show
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show Paralysis on one side of the body or a part of it that indicates an injury to the motor area of the brain.  
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show Paralysis of one side of the body.  
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show Written recording of the blood count differential.  
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show Type of blood transfusion reaction occurring when the donor's blood is incompatible with the recipient's blood; the most serious type of transfusion reaction.  
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show A bleeding disorder characterized by a failure of the blood clotting mechanism. It’s an inherited condition occurring almost exclusively in males.  
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show The coughing or spitting up of blood caused by hemorrhage in the lungs or bronchi. Minor amounts of blood may appear in the sputum of individuals with bronchitis or upper respiratory tract infections.  
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Hepatic encephalopathy   show
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show Distention of the neck veins when manual pressure is applied over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; it suggests heart failure.  
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show Enlargement of the liver.  
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Heterozygous   show
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Hiatal hernia   show
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Homonymous hemianopia   show
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show State of severe despair associated with feelings of inadequacy and isolation, an inability to act on one's behalf, and a belief that the situation is highly unlikely to improve.  
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show A system of family-centered care using a multidisciplinary approach designed to assist the chronically ill person to maintain a satisfactory lifestyle through the terminal phases of dying.  
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)   show
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show A usually benign neoplasm that occurs at the end of a degenerating pregnancy and arises from enlarged chorionic villi and the proliferation of trophoblastic tissue.  
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show Presence of an excess volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy.  
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Hydrotherapy   show
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Hyperemesis gravidarum   show
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Hyperphosphatemia   show
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Hypersomnolence   show
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show A severe elevation in body temperature.  
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show Disorder involving overproduction of thyroid hormone, leading to a metabolic imbalance.  
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Hypertonic   show
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show Primary disease of the cardiac muscle characterized by disproportionate, asymmetrical thickening of the interventricular septum, particularly in the anterior-superior region. Also called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.  
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Hyperventilate   show
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show Preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious illness despite medical reassurance to the contrary; fear interferes with psychosocial functioning.  
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show Low serum glucose levels.  
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Hypospadias   show
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Hypotonic   show
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show A decreased level of oxygen in inspired air.  
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Iatrogenic   show
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Impetigo   show
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show A device that requires the client to deep breathe, hold the breath for approximately 3 seconds, and then exhale in an effort to expand the lungs.  
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show Unsuitability for combination, often due to antagonistic action.  
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Induration   show
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Infection   show
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Informed consent   show
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Intelligence quotient (IQ)   show
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show Pain that occurs with activity or exercise but that is relieved with rest. This pain results from the body's inability to supply arterial blood (blood rich in nutrients) to the tissues that experience an increase in demand during exercise or activity.  
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Interpretation   show
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Intertrigo   show
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show A device consisting of a balloon attached to a catheter that is introduced into the descending thoracic aorta through the femoral artery. Alternating inflation (during diastole) and deflation (during systole) of the balloon alters resistance to aortic blo  
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show Pressure exerted by the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood.  
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Intradermal injection   show
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show Administration of fluid, blood, or drugs into the bone marrow cavity of a long bone; typically used in children for emergency situations when I.V. access is difficult or unavailable.  
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show Telescoping or invagination of a portion of the bowel into an adjacent portion; most commonly seen in infants.  
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Iron deficiency anemia   show
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Irritability   show
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show Of or relating to a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution; a solution in which cells neither swell nor shrink.  
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show A condition involving a deficiency of thyroid hormone secretion in children.  
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Kawasaki disease   show
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show Exercises involving alternate contraction and relaxation performed to strengthen the perineal muscles.  
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show A neurologic syndrome resulting from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain cells and characterized by severe neural symptoms.  
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show Elicitation of resistance and hamstring muscle pain when the examiner attempts to extend the knee while the hip and knee are both flexed 90 degrees.  
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show Abnormally deep, gasping type of respirations resulting from air hunger; associated with severe diabetic acidosis and coma.  
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Laminectomy   show
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show Poisoning caused by the ingestion or absorption of lead or one of its salts. Signs and symptoms include loss of appetite and weight, anemia, constipation, insomnia, headache, dizziness, irritability, a blue line at the margin of the gums, and peripheral n  
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Lethargy   show
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show Any disturbance in fat metabolism.  
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show A witnessed document indicating a client's desire to be allowed to die a natural death rather than be kept alive by heroic, life-sustaining measures. The will applies to decisions that will be made after a terminally ill client is incompetent and has no r  
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Lochia   show
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show A creamy white, brown, or colorless discharge consisting mainly of serum and white blood cells; typically stops flowing at about 6 weeks postpartum.  
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show Present during the first 3 to 4 postpartal days; it’s bloody and may contain mucus, tissue, debris, and small clots.  
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show A pink or brownish discharge persisting for 5 to 7 days postpartum.  
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Logan bar   show
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show A wire U-shaped apparatus taped to both cheeks of an infant or toddler following cleft lip repair to protect the surgical site.  
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Lumbar puncture   show
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show A diagnostic radiographic evaluation of lymphatic system filling after injection of a contrast medium into a lymphatic vessel of each foot or hand.  
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show Edema of an arm or leg caused by the buildup of interstitial fluid as a result of lymphatic inflammation or obstruction or a lymph node disorder.  
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Mammogram   show
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show Radiography of the mammary gland to identify benign and malignant neoplastic processes.  
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show The surgical resection of a breast; usually performed to remove a malignant tumor.  
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show Inflammation of the mammary gland; usually caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection and infrequent breast-feeding.  
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show A dark, greenish black material that occurs in the intestines of a fetus that forms the first stools of a neonate. The fluid is thick and sticky and is composed of intestinal gland secretions, some amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris.  
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Megaloblastic anemia   show
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Ménière's disease   show
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show A condition resulting from excessive accumulation of acid or depletion of bicarbonate.  
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Metabolic alkalosis   show
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Milieu   show
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show Obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle due to thickening and contracting of the mitral valve leaflets; consequently, left atrial volume and pressure rise and the chamber dilates. Greater resistance to blood flow causes pulmon  
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show A group of degenerative genetic diseases characterized by weakness and the progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles with no evidence of nervous system involvement.  
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show Diffuse muscle pain or tenderness associated with many infectious diseases.  
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Myasthenia gravis   show
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show A contagious respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, characterized by a sore throat, dry cough, fever, malaise, and myalgia.  
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show Osteolytic neoplasm consisting of a protrusion of cells typical of the bone marrow.  
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show The protrusion of a hernial sac containing a portion of the spinal cord, its meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid through a congenital defect in the vertebral column.  
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Myxedema   show
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show A rare, serious form of hypothyroidism that usually results from lack of treatment or mistreatment, severe stress (from infection, exposure to cold, or trauma), or the use of sedatives or anesthetics in a client being treated for hypothyroidism.  
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show A device that employs a baffle to produce a fine aerosol spray consisting of particles less than 30 micrometers in diameter.  
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Necrotizing enterocolitis   show
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show Increased rate of protein breakdown when compared to protein synthesis; nitrogen excretion that exceeds nitrogen intake.  
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show A form of abuse involving the failure to protect a person from injury or meet the person's physical, emotional, or medical needs.  
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Nephrectomy   show
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Nephritic syndrome   show
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show Any one of a group of substances that act on a target nerve cell to excite or inhibit transmission of nerve impulses; substances include norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine.  
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Nystagmus   show
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show A disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that represent recurring efforts to control overwhelming anxiety, guilt, or unacceptable impulses that persistently enter the consciousness.  
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Oliguria   show
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Ophthalmia neonatorum   show
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show Opium-derived or synthetically produced drugs that alter pain perception, induce mental changes, promote deep sleep, depress respirations, constrict pupils, and decrease GI motility.  
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Orthostatic hypotension   show
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Osmolality   show
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Osmolarity   show
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show Delayed or poor mineralization of bone; the adult equivalent of rickets. This condition is associated with anorexia, fracture, pain, weakness, and weight loss.  
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show Inflammation of bone that results from a local or general infection of bone and bone marrow. The bacterial infection is caused by trauma or surgery, by direct extension from a nearby infection, or by introduction from the bloodstream.  
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Osteoporosis   show
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Otorrhea   show
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show Harmful effect on the function of the eighth cranial nerve or hearing organs; most commonly associated with prescribed drugs.  
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Paget's disease   show
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Palilalia   show
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show Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas.  
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Paralysis   show
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Paralytic ileus   show
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show Disorder involving disordered thinking with delusional thought content characterized by preoccupation with delusions or auditory hallucinations, lack of organized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect.  
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show An abnormal condition characterized by the loss of sensation and motor function in the lower limbs, which may result in either complete or incomplete paralysis.  
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Parenteral   show
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Paresthesia   show
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show Awareness of objects and the ability to differentiate between them.  
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show A technique to open stenosed atherosclerotic arteries. A balloon catheter is inserted through the skin and into the vessel to the site of narrowing; the balloon is inflated, thus flattening the plaque against the arterial walls.  
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Pericarditis   show
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show 1. The pelvic floor and its associated structures; located between the symphysis pubis and the coccyx and on the sides by the ischial tuberosities. 2. The body area between the thighs; bounded by the anus and scrotum in males and by the anus and vulva in  
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show Alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle fibers of a structure in a wavelike fashion to propel the contents forward; commonly associated with the GI tract.  
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Peritoneal dialysis   show
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Peritonitis   show
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Pernicious anemia   show
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Phagocytosis   show
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)   show
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Pheochromocytoma A chromaffin-cell tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes an excessive amount of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, which results in severe hypertension, increased metabolism, and hyperglycemia.   show
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Phototherapy   show
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show A condition characterized by a deficiency in secretion of the growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.  
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show Abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall.  
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show Implantation of the placenta so that it adjoins or covers the internal os of the uterine cervix. The most common symptom is painless hemorrhage in the last trimester.  
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Pneumonia   show
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show A collection of air in the pleural space; may result from an open chest wound that permits the entrance of air or from the rupture of a vesicle on the surface of the lung. Common types of pneumothorax are open, closed, and tension.  
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show Chronic, excessive thirst.  
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show The simultaneous inflammation of a number of voluntary muscles.  
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show Degeneration of peripheral nerves primarily supplying the distal muscles of the extremities. It results in muscle weakness, with sensory loss and atrophy, and decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes.  
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Polyphagia   show
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show The excessive excretion of urine from the kidneys.  
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Postterm neonate   show
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Preeclampsia   show
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Pressure ulcer   show
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show A neonate born before the beginning of the 38th week of pregnancy.  
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show A woman who is pregnant for the first time.  
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Prinzmetal's angina   show
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Productive cough   show
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show False attribution of one's unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts onto another.  
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show Itching; an unpleasant sensation that leads to rubbing or scratching the skin in an effort to obtain relief. Scratching the skin may lead to secondary infection.  
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show The development of a Parkinson-like disorder (neuromuscular disorder involving progressive muscle rigidity, akinesia, and involuntary tremors) due to psychotropic drug therapy.  
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Puerperal   show
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show An abnormal condition in which extravascular fluid is accumulated in lung tissues and alveoli.  
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Pulse pressure   show
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Purulent   show
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Pyelonephritis   show
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show The presence of pus in the urine, commonly a sign of urinary tract infection.  
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show The first notable fetal movement in utero, usually occurring at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation.  
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show Surgical removal of an entire breast, pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes, and all fat, fascia, and adjacent tissues; usually used in the treatment of breast cancer.  
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Reaction formation   show
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Rectal route   show
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show A technique in which the listener interprets the feelings of the client and repeats them back to the client; encourages the client to clarify his feelings.  
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Repolarization   show
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Respiratory acidosis   show
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Respiratory alkalosis   show
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Resuscitation   show
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show Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the internal organs following acute viral infections, such as influenza B, chickenpox (varicella), the enteroviruses, and the Epstein-Barr virus; has also been associated in children with administration of as  
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show In hematology: two blood groups that are antigenically different and, therefore, aren't compatible because one group lacks the Rh factor.  
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show An inflammatory disease sometimes occurring if group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection is inadequately treated.  
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Rheumatoid arthritis   show
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show A prescribed treatment that uses the beta-receptor agonist ritodrine to halt preterm labor.  
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show A swaying (or falling) when a person stands with feet together and eyes closed. It’s an indication that the person has lost a sense of position. Also called rombergism.  
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Rooting reflex   show
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show An orthopedic device that combines suspension and traction to align and immobilize the legs; used to treat diseases of the hip and knee and fractured femurs as well as hip and knee contractures.  
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show A contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.  
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Schizotypal personality disorder   show
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Scoliosis   show
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Sensorineural hearing loss   show
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Sensory perceptions   show
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show Of a discharge containing both serum and blood.  
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Shock   show
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show A chronic and incurable hereditary disorder occurring in people homozygous for hemoglobin S (Hb S). The presence of Hb S results in distortion and fragility of erythrocytes.  
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show Episode of widespread cellular sickling in which the client's red blood cells containing hemoglobin S are exposed to conditions in which oxygen supply to the cells is decreased. This leads to cellular contraction and piling within the cell, altering the s  
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show An uncomplicated, closed bone fracture in which the skin isn't broken.  
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Skin turgor   show
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show Development of the symptom of pain as a result of psychological stress.  
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show Loss of autonomic reflex, motor, and sensory activity below the level of a lesion. Signs of spinal shock include flaccid paralysis, loss of deep tendon and perianal reflexes, and loss of motor and sensory function.  
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Standard precautions   show
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Status asthmaticus   show
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Stokes-Adams attack   show
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Stoma   show
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show An inflammation of the mouth that may result from bacterial, viral, or fungal infection; exposure to chemicals or drugs; vitamin deficiency; or a systemic inflammatory disease.  
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show A high-pitched respiratory sound, usually heard during inspiration, caused by an obstruction of the trachea or larynx.  
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show A condition of sudden onset in which a cerebral blood vessel is occluded by an embolus or cerebrovascular hemorrhage. The resulting ischemia of brain tissue that is normally perfused by the affected vessel may lead to permanent neurologic damage.  
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Subdural hematoma   show
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Sublingual   show
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)   show
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show Located above the tentorium of the brain.  
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Suspension   show
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Sympathomimetics   show
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Synchronized cardioversion   show
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show Administration of two drugs producing the same qualitative effect together to produce a greater response than either drug alone.  
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)   show
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Tachycardia   show
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Tactile fremitus   show
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Tardive dyskinesia A neurological syndrome marked by slow, rhythmical, automatic movements that occur as an adverse effect of extended phenothiazine use.   show
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show A condition in which air enters the pleural space through a tear in lung tissue but can't exit through the same vent, thereby trapping air in the pleural space with each inspiration and producing positive pleural pressure. This in turn causes the ipsilate  
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Tenting   show
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Teratogenic   show
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show Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles as a result of a lessened concentration of extracellular ionized calcium; symptoms include convulsions, muscle twitching and cramps, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints.  
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Tetralogy of Fallot   show
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Thrombocytopenia   show
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show Inflammation of a vein, often involving clot formation. Common causes include chemical irritation, blood hypercoagulability, immobilization, infection, postoperative venous stasis, prolonged sitting or standing, trauma to the vessel wall, or a long period  
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show Paroxysmal, uncontrolled discharge of central nervous system neurons extending to the entire brain and characterized by stiffening (tonic phase) and then rapid synchronous muscle jerking and hyperventilation (clonic phase). Also called a major or grand ma  
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Tonsillectomy   show
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show The administration of total caloric needs in a nutritionally adequate solution of glucose, protein hydrolysates, minerals, and vitamins through a catheter inserted into the superior vena cava.  
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show Abnormal opening between the esophagus and trachea that may lead to aspiration.  
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Tracheostomy   show
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show 1. The action of pulling a part of the body along the long axis. 2. In orthopedics: the act of exerting force through a system of weights and pulleys to align, immobilize, or relieve pressure in a limb, bone, or group of muscles.  
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Transdermal   show
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show Surgery involving the pituitary gland, most commonly performed to remove a pituitary tumor. The physician enters from the inner aspect of the upper lip through the sphenoid sinus.  
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show Microsurgery in which an incision is made at the junction of the gums and upper lip. A surgical microscope is advanced and a special surgical instrument is used to excise all or part of the pituitary gland.  
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show Position in which the client's head is lower than the trunk; typically, the body and legs are elevated on an incline.  
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Trousseau's sign   show
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show An acute or chronic infection from exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or another strain of mycobacteria characterized by pulmonary infiltrates and formation of granulomas with caseation, fibrosis, and cavitation.  
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Type 1 diabetes   show
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show An endocrine disorder involving disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; characterized by insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects. May be treated with diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic agents. Exogenous i  
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show A type of herpes simplex virus transmitted primarily through contact with genital secretions and affecting the genital structures.  
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show A chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon of unknown cause in which there is abdominal cramping, rectal bleeding, and diarrhea containing blood, pus, and mucus.  
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Urinary incontinence   show
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show A bacterial infection, most commonly caused by Escherichia coli or a species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, or Enterobacter, affecting one or more parts of the urinary tract.  
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Urticaria   show
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Variability   show
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show The most common type of sickle cell crisis resulting from blood vessel obstruction by rigid, tangled sickle cells leading to tissue anoxia and possibly necrosis. Also called a painful crisis or infarctive crisis.  
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Vastus lateralis   show
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show A radiographic test using a contrast medium to identify thrombi or obstruction in the veins of the lower extremities or the kidneys.  
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show An abnormal opening in the septum separating the ventricles, usually resulting from failure of the fetal interventricular foramen to close; results in blood flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle and recirculation of blood through the pulmona  
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show A life-threatening arrhythmia that occurs when the ventricles produce several premature ventricular contractions in succession; usually due to a problem with the heart's conduction system and increased myocardial contractility.  
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show A sensation of movement in which the client feels himself revolving in space (subjective vertigo) or his surroundings revolving about him (objective vertigo); may result from diseases of the inner ear or from disturbances of the vestibular pathways in the  
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Vesicle   show
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show Type of wound covering (dressing) in which gauze moistened with normal saline is applied wet to the wound and removed once the gauze becomes dry and adheres to the wound bed; used for debridement.  
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Wilms' tumor   show
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show Genetic disorders in which the abnormal gene exists on the X chromosome; only males exhibit clinical signs of the disorder because they have no offsetting X chromosome.  
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show An I.M. injection technique in which the client's skin is pulled in such a way that the needle track is sealed off after the injection. The technique is done to minimize subcutaneous irritation and discoloration.  
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