Vascular Ultrasound
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Innominate vein course where? | show 🗑
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| Trunk Artery flow patterns | show 🗑
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| show | Junction of the splenic and SMV
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| show | AKA Gastricneumius
Deep Calf muscle and course along the artery, empty in pop\
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| show | Subclavian artery
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| show | AKA DPA
Branch of ATA
Starts at bony promenance on foot.
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| show | Angle probe medial ad anterior
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| Venous flow during inspiration | show 🗑
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| lateral plantar artery | show 🗑
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| what artery supplies majority of blood to the hand | show 🗑
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| which veins lack spontanety? | show 🗑
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| show | 3 mm or greater
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| What branches do the occipital branches connect to? | show 🗑
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| show | Viscosity/
increased viscosity decreases flow velocity. (blood is thicker)
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| show | True
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| show | Corpus collosum
cavun spetum
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| Which LE veins have no valves? | show 🗑
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| show | SVC and Innominate
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| Allignment Sign | show 🗑
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| show | "S" shaped ICA at the distal ICA portion behind the transorbital view.(Transoptical) at 60-80 mm
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| show | Injection used for impotence.
Normal PSV in cavernosa artery after injection is >30 cm/s
reduced PSV is a sign of impotence.
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| show | Arterial blood flow volume.
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| show | Posterior tibial perforatiors. 3 ankle perforators that connect to the posterior arch vein
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| what does proximal and distal augmentation assess | show 🗑
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| What is the normal pressure in venules? | show 🗑
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| What is a varient of the femoral vein? | show 🗑
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| show | Radial, ulnar, brachial and axillary.
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| show | Cephalic, Basilic,antecubital
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| show | extensions of the vessels intimal layer\
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| show | blood reservoir in calf located between soleal and gastrocnemus muscles.
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| show | PBI
Normal is >0.75
Vasculogenic impotence is >0.65
0.76-0.65 is suspect for vas. impotences, but futher eval is needed.
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| show | Anterior Tibial Vein
Antrolaterally- courses along the space between the tibial and fibular head, empties directly into the popleteal.
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| show | venous drainage system resouvier of soleal muscle in calf
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| Best Transcranial view of the basiliar and vertebral art? | show 🗑
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| Primary mechanism that controls arterial flow volume? | show 🗑
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| show | Force returning flow from LE to heart
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| Effective calf pump | show 🗑
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| ineffective calf pump | show 🗑
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| show | terminal branch of the facial artery
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| Superficial venous system | show 🗑
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| show | Originates at ankle, courses along the medial border.
DEEP vein.
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| show | 30-60 mm Depth
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| Aorta flow profile | show 🗑
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| Corpus cavernosum | show 🗑
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| Medial Malleolus | show 🗑
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| Lateral Malleolus | show 🗑
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| show | PTV drains blood from the plantar arch and lays anterior and post to the medial malleolus
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| perforators flow profile | show 🗑
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| show |
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| What veins form the SVC | show 🗑
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| Blood within the pulmonary veins are? | show 🗑
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| show | an increase in sample size
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| show | CW doppler. Evaluated Frontal artery.
Placed near inner cantus.
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| Where does the CCA bifurcate? | show 🗑
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| show | Tributary of the GSV
Drains the lower abdomen and can cause superficial varicies in the lower abd if valves are incompetent.
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| What is the Mesenteric to Aortic Ration? | show 🗑
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| Pitfall of transducer pressure during a venous exam? | show 🗑
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| show | Paired veins that accompany an artery of the same name.
Soleal veins do not have accom. art.
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| show | There is no cardiac pulsatility.
Minimum respiratory phascity due to the thickness of portal walls and location in abdomen.
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| Gastrcnemus Vein | show 🗑
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| Hunterians perforators | show 🗑
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| Effects of Norephnephrine in vein | show 🗑
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| effects of adrenaline in vein | show 🗑
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| show | SSV Superficial saphenous vein
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| show | None. It remains unchanged at low resistance, it feeds the spleen and liver.
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| show | Pre-Prandial is high resistance.
Post -Prandial is low resistance as it feeds the diagestive tract
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| arc of riolan and marginal artery of drummond. | show 🗑
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| Gonadal vein drains blood to - (r/L) | show 🗑
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| show | No, splenic vein is part of the portal system
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| The ACA branches feed what lobes? | show 🗑
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| show | Originates from subclavian art.
Can be used as coronary bypass graft
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| show | coronary
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| allen test | show 🗑
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| show | connects the posterior tibial perforators (cocketts) to the GSV in mid/up calf.
This vein usually plays major role in disease caused by venous stasis
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| show | comprised of the greater and smaller saphenous system
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| Innominate veins also are known by what name? | show 🗑
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| show | Major veins in upper chest.
Formed at union of the IJV and Subclavian at the level of the stenoclavicular joint.
Left is longer then the right
Innominate
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| antecubital vein | show 🗑
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| Reynold number | show 🗑
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| Posterior Communicating Artery (PCoS) | show 🗑
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| SSV Origin | show 🗑
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| show | smallest vessel
allows for exchange on nutrients and waste products between blood and tissue
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| Deep Sniff Test | show 🗑
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| show | Coronal/Trans in decub
best way to get the IVC and Aorta in long
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| Supraorbital Artery | show 🗑
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| show | Respiratory phasicity and mild cardiac pulsatility.
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| what flow is normal flow at the renal hilu | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral aspect. Terminates at the MCA/ACA
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| Valsalva maneuver | show 🗑
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| Doppler Shift | show 🗑
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| show | vascular beds alter flow to maintain normal function.
Ex. Vasoconstriction or Vasodilation
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| show | Origin at the lateral wrist and travels laterally up the side of the arm to the subclavian
Superficial vein
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| show | Origin at the medial wrist and travels medially up the side of the arm to the axillary
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| show | FOrm from the radial and ulnar veins at the elbow
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| show | True
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| show | low resistance
Show spectral broadening due to small size of the vessel
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| ECA | show 🗑
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| Temporal Tap | show 🗑
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| Branches of the ECA | show 🗑
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| ICA | show 🗑
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| show | Ophtalmic Artery - first branch from siphon area.
Ant chorodial artery and posterior comm. art are two main branches off distal.
Supplies eye, nose, forehead, corpus callosum, frontal and parietal
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| show | Supraorbital artery- origin, opthalmic. Joins at the sup. temporal art.
Frontal artery- supratrochelear. origian ophth.
Lacrimal Artery-
All provide collaterals for ica/eca
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| Vertebral Artery | show 🗑
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| show | Vertibral and arm
rt- origin - Innominate
lt origin - 3rd branch off the AO arch
Becomes axillary artery
triphasic/high resistance.
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| Branches of the Subclavian artery | show 🗑
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| show | Left and Right Vertebrals merge to form singular basilar.
Supply superior cerebellum and portions of brain stem
bifircates at the circle to form both Posterior cerebral
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| show | Network of arteries seated on the inferior cerebrum surface.
Supplies all lobes of verebrum
Complete in only 50% of patients, normal in only 20%
Potential for collaterals in diesease
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| Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) | show 🗑
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| show | supplies frontal and parietal and temporal lobes
MCA= 30-60 mm depth at temporal window
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| Posterior cerebral Artery (PCA) | show 🗑
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| Cerebral circulation | show 🗑
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| Intracranial venous sinuses. | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia vera | show 🗑
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| show | No.1 cause of vascular disease
Accumulation of atheroma smooth muscle, collagen, fiberin and platelets
Forms within and beneath intima
>1.2 mm IMT
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| show | CCA bifurcation and CCA origin.
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| show | Transient Ischemia Attack
Lasts <24 hours
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| show | Cerebrovascular accident
lasts longer then 24 hours
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| Brain Infarction | show 🗑
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| subarachnoid hemorrhage | show 🗑
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| show | Specific sympt related to the rt/lt brain with loss of fuctionality
RICA stenosis = Left Paresis
LICA Stenosis = Right Paresis
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| show | Dr. performed.
Access cause of syncope. level of the cricoid cart 5-10 seconds
will cause bradycardia and hypotension if sinus hypersensitivy exists.
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| show | Tingling of the skin
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| show | weakness
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| show | expressive aphasisa
can understand and follow directions, can not speak
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| show | Choleserol emboli- effects ipsilateral CA/AO
lodges in small branch of retna artery
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| show | Visual defect in half the eye
more common with post circulatry issues and occipital lobe infarct
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| amaurosis fugax | show 🗑
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| MCA Disease | show 🗑
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| ACA Disease | show 🗑
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| show | Bil. blurred vis, homoymous hemianopia, paresthesia
vertigo, syncompe, ataxia, dysphagia, drop attack
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| Drop Attack | show 🗑
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| PCA Disease | show 🗑
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| Intracranial Anat. | show 🗑
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| TCD | show 🗑
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| TCCD | show 🗑
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| Intracranial artery Anatomy ICA | show 🗑
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| Intracranial artery Anatomy MCA | show 🗑
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| MCA Segments | show 🗑
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| show | Bifurcation of ICA
2 segments
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| show | A1 - ICA and Ant Communication
A2 - Distal to the Ant. Communication
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| Intracranial artery Anatomy PCA | show 🗑
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| PCA segments | show 🗑
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| Intracranial artery Anatomy Vertebral | show 🗑
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| show | Formed at junc. of vertebrals.
bifurcates into 2 PCA after the supcerebellar art branch of baislar
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| anterior communication artery (ACoA) Posterior communication Artery (PCoA) | show 🗑
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| Critical ICA stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | an abnormality that cause turbulence in a vessel.
Occurs when a stent or bypass graft placement
atherosclerosis or grafts area aquired causes of turbulance
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| Posterior auricular artery | show 🗑
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| Vein of giacomini | show 🗑
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| May Turner Syndromw | show 🗑
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| Flow in siphon obstruction | show 🗑
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| show | Connects the superior edge of the iliac crest to the anterior bone
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| show | external calcaneal artery
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| show | PI in Aorta should be lower then in Pop
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| Temporal window evaluation of ACA depth | show 🗑
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| show | SSS occulsion or stenosis of the subclavian artery proximal to the vertebral origins
Normal branchial pressures should not differ in each arm more then 20 mmHz or SSS should be suspected
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| Profunda Artery | show 🗑
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| show | Acceleration Time- 110 m/s is normal. >140 iliac disease
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| Interosseous membrane | show 🗑
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| internal pudendal artery | show 🗑
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| which veins receive blood from both superficial and deep veins? | show 🗑
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| Highest velocities in CCA/ICA are normally found where? | show 🗑
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| show | Cephalic is lateral, Brachial is mid and basilar is medial
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| ext. iliac artery courses? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypogastric artery
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| show | Time average max velocity
TCD uses this to evaluate cerebral vessels
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| show | the PTA posterior to the medial malleolus
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| show | the ECA lies posterior and lateral to the ICA.
(The ECA is the anterior medial branch in most patients)
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| show | high resistance triphasic waveform
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| show | Cephalic joins the axillary to form the subclavian
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| show | anterior tibial artery
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| Where does the p2 segment extend? | show 🗑
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| The profunda artery courses: | show 🗑
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| The GSV attaches to what part of the CFV | show 🗑
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| show | Sural veins/Gastrocnemius veins
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| What will be evaluated using temporal window and anterior probe angulation at 56 mm depth | show 🗑
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| show | anterior probe angulation set at 65 mm depth
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| What branches meet and connect to allow collateral flow fro the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation, or obstruction in the verterbral system or ICA on same side? | show 🗑
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| show | the bifurcation into the external and internal iliac arteries
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| show | IVC, Iliac and Soleal sinuses.
The IVC may still show the Eustachian valve, but it does not function in adults.
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| What is the pulsatility index of the extremities? | show 🗑
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| show | <1.5 is normal in organs.
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| The pulsatility index in normal aorta should be? | show 🗑
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| brachiocephalic vein is formed at what junction? | show 🗑
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| show | superior vena cava.
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| show | Right. There is no artery on the left side.
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| During a arterial duplex if the patient is cold, how does this effect the waveforms? | show 🗑
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| Which veins do NOT normally demonstrate spontaneous flow? | show 🗑
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| show | valsalva maneuver.
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| Where does the internal mammary artery originate from? | show 🗑
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| The superficial venous system of the arm is the primary what? | show 🗑
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| The deep venous system of the legs is the primary what? | show 🗑
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| Normal hepatic venous flow demonstrates ? | show 🗑
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| the tiny network of vessels that supply/drain blood to/from the vessel wall? | show 🗑
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| The produnda artery course ________________ to the superfical femoral artery? | show 🗑
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| the innominate veins lie ________________ to the innominate artery | show 🗑
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| show | compressibilty
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| show | decreasing/reducing sample size.
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| Which two vessels are palpated to assess the pulse when peripheral arterial disease is suspected? | show 🗑
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| show | the absences of one or more communicating arteries.
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| show | External calcaneal artery
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| What is the preferred patient position for performing an upper extremity arterial duplex exam? | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| Which veins receive blood from the superficial and deep venous system? | show 🗑
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| Poiseuilles Law | show 🗑
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| show | flow velocity determines the pressure gradient at a specific location within the circulatory system.
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| The normal MCA will demonstrate flow in which direction when viewed from the transtemporal window? | show 🗑
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| show | proximal thigh veins. Proximal valves close due to hydrostatic pressure forcing blood back down the veins.
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| Analog Doppler | show 🗑
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| What type of doppler does not display a range of frequency shifts, but displays average shift as single line? | show 🗑
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| Normal Analog doppler waveform | show 🗑
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| show | disease between the two sites of evaluation
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| show | 8-10 mhz cw doppler probe., angled at 45 degrees with skin.
Blood pressure cuffs placed at different levels (3 or 4 cuff method)
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| show | High thigh pressure > brachial pressure by 30-40 mmHg
(30-40=4= 4 cuff method)
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| Normal pressures found in segmental pressue exam: 3 cuff method | show 🗑
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| show | aorto-iliac diease
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| show | Pelvic mass
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| show | >30 mmHg
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| What is abnormal pressure difference betwenn the same level on each leg? | show 🗑
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| Rest pain is seen in patients with what ankle pressure? | show 🗑
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| show | > 0.15 reduction on ABI from each exam to the next.
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| PVR - Pulse Volume Recording | show 🗑
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| show | PVR
Plethysmography
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| show | infrared light released into tissues, red blood cells reflect the light to photocells where it is measured.
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| show | 10-30 mHz transducer, allows 360 degree imaging of the atery lumen. Only 2D, no doppler capabilties. Used to locate most narrow segment that would benefit from stent.
Used during and after angiography to eval stent placement.
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| Corpus Cavernosa (cc) | show 🗑
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| show | urethra and urethral arteries travel through this portion.
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| What supplies the penis with blood? | show 🗑
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| What does the pudendal artery branch into? | show 🗑
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| Penile artery branches into | show 🗑
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| Dorsal artery | show 🗑
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| show | Courses through the corpus cavernosum, supplies blood to cavernosal sinusoids via the helicine arteries
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| What veins provide the primary venous outflow routes in the penis | show 🗑
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| Erection is produced by? | show 🗑
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| What are two things that limits the ability to have an erection? | show 🗑
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| show | Painful, prolonged erection that occurs without sexual stimuli. Can last longer then 4 hours. Can be caused by venocclusive disease in pelvic vein or AV fistula in pelvic region.
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| show | supine, 7-10 mhz transducer.
obtain CFA and tibial artery waveforms, bilateral ABIs.
2.5 cm cuff is used for pressures.
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| Penile brachial index | show 🗑
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| show | obtained flaccid penis, compared to the systolic BP.
<60 mmHg indicated impotence due to inflow disease.
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| Penile doppler Evaluation steps | show 🗑
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| Arterial disease in penile doppler is reported when? | show 🗑
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| peyronie diease | show 🗑
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| show | invasive procedure that uses contrast to demonstrate vessel patency during fluro techniques. Not used much anymore due to improved 3D on CT and MRI
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| show | CFA. Axillary and brachial can also be used.
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| show | puncture of an artery and insertion of a small cath. (LE= SFA)
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| Gold standard for stenosis/occlusion. collateral eval | show 🗑
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| Gold standard for graft evaluation | show 🗑
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| show | pseudoaneurysm, hematoma, nerve damage, AV fistula
A sandbag is placed over the site of puncture to prevent formation of pseudoaneurysm
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| show | uses contrast.
provides very accurate info on AAA size and location
Very helpful in diagnosis of arterial dissection.
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| show | magnetic resonance angiography
phased contract can be used - for patients with contrast allergy or renal failure.
most commonly used to evaluate arteries in calf or foot.
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| CIV | show 🗑
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| show | external iliac vein
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| show | peroneal vein
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| AASV | show 🗑
|
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| Giacominis vein AKA | show 🗑
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| show | posterior accessory GSV
🗑
|
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| Hunterian perforator AKA | show 🗑
|
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| dodds perforatior AKA | show 🗑
|
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| show | posterior tibal perforators
🗑
|
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| show | Paratibial perforatiors
🗑
|
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| Mays Perforators AKA | show 🗑
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| Confluence of Iliac VEINS | show 🗑
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| Central veins | show 🗑
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| show | Originate at the confluence of deep digital veins.
Deep Digital - metatarsal - deep venous arches - PTV and Peroneals - Tibioperoneal trunk - ATV - Pop - femoral - CFV - EIV
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| Metatarsal veins drain the blood from | show 🗑
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| show | the empty into tibial veins
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| show | Calf and Forearm veins
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| show | drain from anterior calf
2 veins originate at the plantar arches
course cephalad anteror lateral to the tibial bone
travels between tibal head and fibular to join PopV
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| show | Drain blood from post calf.
2 veins originate at teh confluence of the plantar arches
medial malleolus and anterior to achilles tendon
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| show | drain from lateral calf
in the lower calf/ankle 2 veins course lateral to the PTV and medial to fibular
merge with PTV to form tibo=peroneal trunk.
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| POP Vein | show 🗑
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| FV | show 🗑
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| PFV | show 🗑
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| CFV | show 🗑
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| IIV | show 🗑
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| EIV | show 🗑
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| CIV | show 🗑
|
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| show | congenital absence of deep veins
numerous superficial varicosities and clusters of varicosities.
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|
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
lsoboleski
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