Astronomy
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| Big Bang | the event from which the universe began expanding
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| what is the universe doing | expanding
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| hubbles law | galaxies are moving away from us the father the faster they go
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| what does blue shift look like | more tightly compacted rays
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| what does red shift look like | looser less compacted rays
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| object approaching | short blue rays
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| object receding | long red waves
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| cosmic background radiation(microwaves) | background radiation from the big bang consists of photons(cmb)
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| what do stars differ from | mass, size, temperature, color, luminosity
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| the more massive a star is | the greater the gravity and the hotter and denser a star must be
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| what size star is our star from the range of small medium and large | our sun is a medium size star
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| what do stars consist of | controlled atomic reactions called nuclear fission
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| nuclear fission | in which hydrogen (nuclei) atoms fuse to form helium (nuclei) atoms
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| what happens during each step of the process of nuclear fission | mass is lost and energy is released
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| the energy released from the star causes what | to shine and it gives it its high temperature
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| star stability | energy from fusion stabilizes the star by producing pressure needed to counteract the force of gravity
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| fusion > gravity =? | expansion
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| fusion< gravity =? | contraction
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| fusion=gravity is ? | stable
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| stable stars are plotted on a what | hr diagram
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| is the sun contracting or expanding | the sun is slowly getting bigger and brighter
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| what color is associated with the hottest star temperature | BLUE stars
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| what color is associated with the coolest star temperature | RED stars
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| what color is our sun | our sun is a yellow star with a surface temperature of about 5,500⁰ c
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| what are the spectral class letters | (O)h (B)oy (A) (F)ailing (G)rade (K)ills (M)e (obafgkm)
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| what are the list of stars colors from coolest to hottest | red , orange, yellow, yellow-white, white, blue-white , blue
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| what are the two kinds of brightness | apparent brightness, luminosity
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| apparent brightness | how bring the object APPEARS TO US on earth
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| luminosity | how bright a star actually is
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| where do stars form | in the nebulae (a large cloud of gas and dust) due to gravity are called dense cores and form new stars
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| how do stars emit energy | by nuclear fission
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| what is the longest phase in a stars life | main sequence stage(hydrogen converts to helium)
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| when does the star enter into the next stage of life | after all the hydrogen has fused into helium
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| what happens after all the hydrogen is gone | star ejects matter and rapidly loses mass until only the core remains
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| what does the final stages of a stars life depend on | the mass of the star
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| what is the stages of life for a low mass star | Nebula --> Main sequence star --> Red giant -->Planetary nebula --> White dwarf
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| for a low mass star what comes after the main sequence star stage | red giant
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| for a low mass star what comes after the red giant stage | planetary nebula
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| for a low mass star what comes after the planetary nebula stage | white dwarf
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| what is supernova | is a gigantic explosion in which a high- mass star throws its outer layer into space but the core remains
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| what is the stages of life for a high mass star | Nebula --> Main sequence star --> Red super giant --> Supernova --> Neutron star -->Black hole
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| for a high mass star what comes after the supernova stage | either neutron star or black hole
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| what does a h-r diagram plot stars according by | luminosity and temperature
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| upper left stars on a h-r diagram are? | large, hot, luminous
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| what is an example of an upper left star on a hr diagram | blue giant
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| lower right stars on a hr diagrams are | small,cool,dim
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| what is an example of an lower right star | red dwarf
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| what stage of life is our sun in | the main sequence
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| where are main sequence stars on a hr diagram | in the top left(hot and bright) to bottom right (cool and dim)
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| the larger the amount of mass in as star | the more luminous it is
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| what is a comet | a mass made up of frozen ice and rock
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| what forms the cloud called the coma around the comet | vaporized gases and released dust
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| what are meteoroids | small pieces of rock moving through space
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| a meteoroid that burns up into the earths atmosphere is called what | a meteor
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| when a meteoroid strikes earth it is called a what if it gets through earths atmosphere | a meteorite
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| asteroid | a piece of rock similar to the materials that formed into planets
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| where are most asteroids found | in the asteroid belt in between mars and Jupiter
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| kuiper belt | like the asteroid belt but father out and made up of icy objects
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| who was the first country in space | the soviet union
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| what does nasa stand for | National Aeronautics and Space Agency
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| when was nasa founded | 1958
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| what was the space race | the race for countries to be the first on the moon
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