ap bio unit 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
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| evolutionary fitness | an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, based on its genetic contributions to following generations
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| natural selection | process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals BECAUSE OF those traits
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| selective pressure | any biotic or abiotic factors influencing survivability
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| adaptive radiation | evolution of new species that allows empty ecological roles or niches to be filled
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| biological species concept | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring -- but not with members of other groups
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| divergent evolution | occurs when adaptation to new habitats results in phenotypic diversification
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| gradualism | changes in species are slow and gradual occurring over long periods of time
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| punctuated equilibrium | periods of apparent stasis in morphology punctuated by sudden change
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| reproductive isolation | the existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring
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| speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species
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| ecosystems | community of living organisms in partnership with nonliving organisms
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| extinction | the disappearance of a species, such that no future generations will naturally populate the Earth
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| niche | the role an organism plats within its environment
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| species diversity | the variety of species within a habitat or a region
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| RNA world hypothesis | life on Earth began with an RNA molecule that could replicate itself
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| convergent evolution | the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages
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| bottleneck effect | a sudden change in the environment that drastically reduces the size of a population
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| founder effect | individuals who become isolated from a larger population establish a new population with a different gene pool compared to the source population
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| genetic drift | chance events that cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next
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| mutation | change in a DNA sequence
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| population | a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
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| hardy-weinberg equilibrium | a population where allele and genotype frequencies remain contstant from generation to generation
1. no migration
2. no mutation
3. random mating
4. no natural selection
5. large population
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| migration | pattern of behavior in which organisms travel from one habitat to another
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| null hypothesis | the hypothesis which states experimental variables have no relationship and experimental observations are the result of chance
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| fossil | remains or traces of organisms from the past
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| isotope | atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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| morphology | form and structure of animals and plants
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| vegistal structure | remnants of features that served a function in the organism's ancestors
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| cladogram | a diagram used to show evolutionary relationships amongst species
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| lineage | lineal descent from an ancestor or ancestral species
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| molecular clock | an approach for measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change based on the observation that some genes and other regions of genomes appear to evolve at constant rates
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| out-group | s species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is closely related to but not part of the group of species that we are studying
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| phylogenetic tree | evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram
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| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species
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