terminology for rivers
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| aquifer | body of rock that is sufficiently permeable to allow for wells and springs
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| arid | region with low precipitation that does not allow agriculture without irrigation
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| bed | the bottom of a channel
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| canal | constructed open channel for transporting water
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| channel | area that contains continuously flowing water confined by banks/streambed
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| condensation | change of state in which gas becomes liquid by cooling
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| confluence | the point at which rivers meet
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| contaminate | to make impure or unclean by contact or mixture
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| delta | a river mouth with sediments causing the main channel to split into smaller channels
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| depletion | water is consumed within a service area and no longer available
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| depth | the measurement of the height of water in the river
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| discharge | the amount of water passing a specific point at a given time
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| drainage basin | the land that is drained by a river and its tributaries
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| dredging | removing sediments from waterways to make them deeper and wider
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| drought | periods of below usual precipitation causing a serious hydrological imbalance
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| erosion | the wearing away of the bed and banks of the river
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| evaporation | physical process by which a liquid/solid is transformed to the gaseous state
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| evapotranspiration | water transpired by plant tissues and evaporated from water bodies
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| flash flood | sudden flood of great volume, usually caused by a heavy rain
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| flood plain | the wide, flat floor of a river valley consisting of sediments deposited by the river
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| flow | the amount of water passing a particular point in a stream or river
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| groundwater | subsurface water and underground streams
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| groundwater table | the upper level of the ground water
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| hydrograph | a curve showing stream discharge over time
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| infiltration | the movement of water through the soil surface into the soil
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| interception | when water is absorbed and collected by vegetation (store)
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| kinetic energy | comes from the movement of the water
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| landslide | a movement of earth mass down a steep slope
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| load | the particles of rock carried by a river
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| meander | the winding of a stream channel, usually in an erodible alluvial valley
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| mouth | where a river ends, at a lake or the sea
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| percolation | the downward movement of water through the soil to a groundwater table
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| permeability | the capability of soil or other geologic formations to transmit water
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| potential energy | a still body of water above sea level has a certain amount of stored energy
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| precipitation | an input where water is introduced to the drainage basin system
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| runoff | water that flows over the ground and reaches a stream resulting from rainfall/snowmelt
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| salinity | the concentration of mineral salts dissolved in water
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| sediment | small fragments of rock and soil that form layers
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| sedimentation | the combined processes of soil erosion, transport and deposition
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| sewage | the liquid waste from domestic, commercial, and industrial establishments
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| silt | substrate particles smaller than sand and larger than clay
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| source | where a river starts, usually in the mountains - spring
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| surface runoff/overland flow | water moves across the surface of the earth becoming a stream
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| surface storage | the total volume of water held on the Earth's surface
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| transportation | to move objects or people from one place to another
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| tributary | small river that joins the main river channel
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| velocity | the speed of the water flow
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| wash | to carry, erode, remove, or destroy by the action of moving water
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| water cycle | the system where water is constantly moving above, on or below the earth’s
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| watershed | the highland separating one river basin from another
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