Term definitions
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| acute muscle soreness | pain felt during or immediately after training
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| atrophy | the decrease in muscle size due to immobilization or complete lack of exercise
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| delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) | muscle soreness felt a day or two after eccentric exercise
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| fiber hyperplasia | muscle size increase occurring from an increase in the number of muscle fibers achieved through fiber splitting
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| fiber hypertrophy | muscle size increase occurring from an increased protein synthesis resulting in the increased number of myofibrils and actin/myosin filaments
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| muscular endurance | the muscle’s capacity to sustain repeated activation
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| muscular power | the muscle’s ability to exert strength for a measure of time
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| muscular strength | the muscle’s maximum generated force
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| adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) | enzyme which is used to breakdown ATP thereby releasing its contained energy.
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| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | high-energy molecular compound which provides energy for the body’s activity such as muscle movement. It resides in the body’s cells and is derived from food bond energy
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| aerobic metabolism | generation of energy in the presence of oxygen
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| ATP-PCr system | a system which is used by cells to replenish ATP supplies. The molecule, PCr, is acted upon by an enzyme which releases a bonded phosphorous (P) plus energy. An ADP molecule uses this P and energy to form ATP.
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| basal metabolic rate (BMR) | an older measure of the resting baseline energy consumption by the body to sustain basic life support in the absence of voluntary muscle movement. This measurement was performed after 8 hours of sleep. BMR has been replaced by RMR which yields essentially
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| electron transport chain | series of chemical reactions which converts the hydrogen ion generated by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into water and produces energy for oxidative phosphorylation.
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| fatigue | general sensation of tiredness with decrease in muscular performance
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| gluconeogenesis | the conversion of fat or protein into glucose
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| glycogenesis | the conversion of glucose into glycogen
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| glycogenolysis | the conversion of glycogen into glucose
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| glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid
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| glycolytic system | a system which produces energy through glycolysis.
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| Krebs' cycle | a series of chemical reactions which involves the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produces ATP with the byproducts of water and carbon dioxide.
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| lactate threshold (LT) | point during exercise where lactate starts to accumulate above the resting level. This occurs because lactate clearance in insufficient relative to lactate generation
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| maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) | the maximum capacity of oxygen consumption by the body
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| oxidative system | most complex energy system for generating high energy yields from the oxidation of fuels
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| phosphocreatine (PCr) | energy rich compound which is used in the fast generation of ATP during initial muscular activity
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