Physiology week 7-
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| How is fluid balanced maintained? | show 🗑
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| What is an example of a mechanism that can help the body to re-establish fluid balance? | show 🗑
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| What incident occurs due to exercise? | show 🗑
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| What does dehydration cause? | show 🗑
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| What kind of receptors are located in the walls of certain arteries ? What do they detect? what do they stimulate? | show 🗑
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| show | Special cells in the kidney respond by releasing an enzyme in lthe blood . Leading to a chain reaction, eventually stimulating the manufacture and release of the HORMONE ALDOSTERONE fromt the ADRENAL CORTEX.
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| What does the increase in the HORMONE ALDOSTERONE | show 🗑
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| show | The movement of sodium from the blood and into the extracellular fluid.
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| show | an increase of the total sodium content of the body.
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| Where salt goes what follows? | show 🗑
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| Water (H20) re-absorption increases as what is re-absorbed? | show 🗑
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| What is the result of water and sodium re-absorption? | show 🗑
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| show | PANCREATIC ISLETS
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| show | There are 5 types of pancreatic islets cells called
ALPHA
BETA
DELTA
PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE (PP)
EPSILON
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| What kind of cells are pancreatic islets surrounded by? | show 🗑
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| show | INSULIN
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| Where does insulin enter and where is it carried to? | show 🗑
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| show | to cause the cells to take in glucose when blood glucose levels are high.
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| show | Glucose channels open and enter the cell
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| WHat do cells use glucose for? | show 🗑
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| ATP is what molecule to the body? | show 🗑
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| What happens when there is more glucose in the body than what it needs for immediate energy? | show 🗑
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| What do liver and muscle cells store glucose as? | show 🗑
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| show | It can be turned into fat that is stored in adipose tissue
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| What does the thyroid gland do? | show 🗑
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| show | T3 and T4
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| show | T3 and T4 help regulate the body's basale metabolic rate.
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| What is metabolic rate? | show 🗑
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| Where is the seretion of T3 an T4 regulated? | show 🗑
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| What regulates the secretion of T3 and T4? | show 🗑
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| What kind of external and internal stimuli would place a demand on the body for energy? | show 🗑
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| show | STRESS
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| They CNS influences which part of the brain to secrete which hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | ADENO HYPOTHESIS or ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND through blood capillaries int the hypophyseal portal system and stimulates it to secrete Thyroid stimulating hormone (THS) into the bloodstream
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| show | TSH travels to the thyroid gland and stimulates the release of T3 and T4
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| show | T3 and T4
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| What is the result of the regulation of T3 and T4 getting to target tissues? | show 🗑
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| What does the hypothlamus do when blood levels T3 and T4 are high? What does it cause? | show 🗑
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| show | False because they are water soluble and cannot pass through the plasma membrane of the target cell
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| show | Hormone receptor sites can be locaed on the surface of the cell membrane or in the interior of the cell.
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| show | UNIQUE KEY INTO A LOCK?
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| show | The first messenger is the hormone that reacts at the cell membrane site.
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| show | Several chemical r3actions occur which activate molecules within the cell called second messengers
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| What is an example of mechanism | show 🗑
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| Hormone interaction changes ATP molecules inside a cell to which second messenger? | show 🗑
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| What does cyclic AMP serve as? | show 🗑
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| What does cyclic adenomonophosphate (cAMP) activate/ | show 🗑
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| What does cyclic adenomonophospate cause the cell to do? | show 🗑
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| show | The NERVOUS and ENDOCRINE SYSTEMs maintain the internal environent of the body.
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| show | INTIMATELY
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| The NERVOUS and ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS are often referred to as? | show 🗑
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| show | The neuroendocrine system communicate through chenical messengers.
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| What does the nervous system use to communicate? | show 🗑
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| What do rapid nerve impulses releaseand where? | show 🗑
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| show | The endocrine system releases slowr acting but long lasting hormones to communicate
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| show | Hormones circulate in the blood and only affect target cells that have hormone specific receptors
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| What is widely distributed through the body which hormones | show 🗑
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| Steroid hormones are what type of soluble? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| What happens when a steroid hormone passes through the target cell's membrane and its ? | show 🗑
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| show | A hormone receptor acts on DNA, causing the formation of a new protein in the cytoplasm.
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| What does a steroid hormone produce after it has penetrated the cell membrane, nucleus, and binded to a hormone receptor to create a new protein in the cytoplasm of a target cell? | show 🗑
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| What does the hormone receptor complex induce? | show 🗑
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| Some hormones are water and lipid soluble? True/False | show 🗑
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| show | EPINEPHRINE
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
FOLLICLE TIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
LUTENIZING HORMONE(LH)
INSULIN
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| Binding of a hormone to target cell causes? | show 🗑
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| show | DIFFUSE
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| show | Inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell
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| show | Steroid hormones like
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Thyroid hormone
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| Which thyroid hormone is NOT LIPID SOLUBLE? | show 🗑
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| What is the endocrine system made up of? | show 🗑
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| show | To produce and secrete hormones
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| show | HYPOTHALAMUS
PITTUITARY
PINEAL GLAND
THYROID
PARATHRYOID GLANDS
THYMUS
PANCREAS
GONADS
PLACENTA IN PREGNANT WOMAN
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| show | to produce HORMONES
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| show | HEART
KIDNEYS
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
LIVER AND SKIN
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| show | TRUE
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| What is DOWN REGULATION? | show 🗑
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| When does DOWN REGULATION OCCUR | show 🗑
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| When does a a target cell increase receptors for a specific hormone? and what is that process called? | show 🗑
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| TRUE/FALSE a target cell CANNOT change its sensitivity to its specific hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | Permissive effect
Synergist effect
Antagonistic effect
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| show | One hormone has to be presentand give permission along with another hormone to have its full effect on a target cell.
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| show | The synergistic effect takes place when two differnet hormones with similar effects work together to produce an amplified response in the target cell
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| What are examples of synergest effect hormones? | show 🗑
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| When does the antagonistic effect take place? | show 🗑
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| show | Pancreatic hormones- Insulin decreases blood sugar by decreasing the liver storage of glucose as glycogen. Conversely glucagon increses blood sugar by stimulating the liver to break down that glycogen back into glucose.
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| How does the body help the endocrine system maintain homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| What kind of feedback loops help production and degradation of hormones? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common example of positive feedback loop triggered by which HORMONE? | show 🗑
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| show | OPPOSITE
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| show | negative feedback loop. it increases or decreased the release of more hormones
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| What does a glucocortacoid hormone do? | show 🗑
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| show | The pituitary and hypothalamus will start stimulating the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoid hormones.
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| A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signalingg that involves cAMP? A. hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor B. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated C. Excessive qua | show 🗑
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| The brain interprets the meaning of the sounds we hear as music, speech, noise, etc. Which ear structures are responsible for the amplification and transfer of sound from the external ear to the inner ear? A. The ossicles B. Ear wax C. Tympanic membran | show 🗑
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| Specific wavelengths of sound cause specific regions of the basilar membrane to vibrate, much like the keys of a piano produce sound at different frequencies. Based on the animation, where do frequencies—from high to low pitches—cause activity in the hair | show 🗑
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| show | C. ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
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| If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. Which eye is visualizing leftward stimulus? A. left eye B. right eye C. b | show 🗑
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| When the right cornea senses a tactile stimulus, what happens to the left eye? A. Constricts B. tears C. Blinks D. Deviates to the right | show 🗑
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| events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? A. The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormo | show 🗑
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| show | C. THYROTROPIN
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| the location and function of the adrenal glands. Which hormone produced by the adrenal glands is responsible for mobilization of energy stores? A. Aldosterone B. ACTH C. Cortisol D. Epinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | B. Turning on the lights
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| the location and function of the pancreas. What goes wrong in the function of insulin in type 2 diabetes? A. The immune system attacks and detroys cells B. The pancreas makes more insulin C. Lead to increase of insulin producing beta cells D. the cell | show 🗑
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