AP Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| acquired characteristics | modifications caused by an individual’s environment that can be inherited by its offspring
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| adaptation | heritable trait or behavior in an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its present environment
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| adaptive radiation | speciation when one species radiates out to form several other species
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| allopatric speciation | speciation that occurs via geographic separation
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| allopolyploid | polyploidy formed between two related, but separate species
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| aneuploidy | condition of a cell having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome for its species
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| autopolyploid | polyploidy formed within a single species
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| behavioral isolation | type of reproductive isolation that occurs when a specific behavior or lack of one prevents reproduction from taking place
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| convergent evolution | process by which groups of organisms independently evolve to similar forms
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| dispersal | allopatric speciation that occurs when a few members of a species move to a new geographical area
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| divergent evolution | process by which groups of organisms evolve in diverse directions from a common point
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| gametic barrier | prezygotic barrier occurring when closely related individuals of different species mate, but differences in their gamete cells (eggs and sperm) prevent fertilization from taking place
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| gradual speciation model | model that shows how species diverge gradually over time in small steps
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| habitat isolation | reproductive isolation resulting when populations of a species move or are moved to a new habitat, taking up residence in a place that no longer overlaps with the other populations of the same species
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| homologous structures | parallel structures in diverse organisms that have a common ancestor
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| hybrid | offspring of two closely related individuals, not of the same species
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| hybrid zone | area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce, forming hybrids
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| natural selection | reproduction of individuals with favorable genetic traits that survive environmental change because of those traits, leading to evolutionary change
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| polyploidy | gametes with extra chromosomes
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| postzygotic barrier | reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs after zygote formation
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| prezygotic barrier | reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs before zygote formation
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| punctuated equilibrium | model for rapid speciation that can occur when an event causes a small portion of a population to be cut off from the rest of the population
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| reinforcement | continued speciation divergence between two related species due to low fitness of hybrids between them
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| reproductive isolation | situation that occurs when a species is reproductively independent from other species; this may be brought about by behavior, location, or reproductive barriers
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| speciation | formation of a new species
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| species | group of populations that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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| sympatric speciation | speciation that occurs in the same geographic space
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| temporal isolation | differences in breeding schedules that can act as a form of prezygotic barrier leading to reproductive isolation
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| theory of evolution | explains how populations change over time and how life diversifies the origin of species
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| variation | genetic differences among individuals in a population
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| vestigial structure | physical structure present in an organism but that has no apparent function and appears to be from a functional structure in a distant ancestor
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| vicariance | allopatric speciation that occurs when something in the environment separates organisms of the same species into separate groups
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