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18. Origin Species

AP Biology

QuestionAnswer
acquired characteristics modifications caused by an individual’s environment that can be inherited by its offspring
adaptation heritable trait or behavior in an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its present environment
adaptive radiation speciation when one species radiates out to form several other species
allopatric speciation speciation that occurs via geographic separation
allopolyploid polyploidy formed between two related, but separate species
aneuploidy condition of a cell having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome for its species
autopolyploid polyploidy formed within a single species
behavioral isolation type of reproductive isolation that occurs when a specific behavior or lack of one prevents reproduction from taking place
convergent evolution process by which groups of organisms independently evolve to similar forms
dispersal allopatric speciation that occurs when a few members of a species move to a new geographical area
divergent evolution process by which groups of organisms evolve in diverse directions from a common point
gametic barrier prezygotic barrier occurring when closely related individuals of different species mate, but differences in their gamete cells (eggs and sperm) prevent fertilization from taking place
gradual speciation model model that shows how species diverge gradually over time in small steps
habitat isolation reproductive isolation resulting when populations of a species move or are moved to a new habitat, taking up residence in a place that no longer overlaps with the other populations of the same species
homologous structures parallel structures in diverse organisms that have a common ancestor
hybrid offspring of two closely related individuals, not of the same species
hybrid zone area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce, forming hybrids
natural selection reproduction of individuals with favorable genetic traits that survive environmental change because of those traits, leading to evolutionary change
polyploidy gametes with extra chromosomes
postzygotic barrier reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs after zygote formation
prezygotic barrier reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs before zygote formation
punctuated equilibrium model for rapid speciation that can occur when an event causes a small portion of a population to be cut off from the rest of the population
reinforcement continued speciation divergence between two related species due to low fitness of hybrids between them
reproductive isolation situation that occurs when a species is reproductively independent from other species; this may be brought about by behavior, location, or reproductive barriers
speciation formation of a new species
species group of populations that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
sympatric speciation speciation that occurs in the same geographic space
temporal isolation differences in breeding schedules that can act as a form of prezygotic barrier leading to reproductive isolation
theory of evolution explains how populations change over time and how life diversifies the origin of species
variation genetic differences among individuals in a population
vestigial structure physical structure present in an organism but that has no apparent function and appears to be from a functional structure in a distant ancestor
vicariance allopatric speciation that occurs when something in the environment separates organisms of the same species into separate groups
Created by: haqcyn
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