DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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| DNA | stores and transmits genetic information
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| RNA | involved in expressing DNA stored info
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| transcription | rewriting DNA gene info into mRNA
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| translation | Converting mRNA info into protein
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| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids
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| 4 nitrogen bases in DNA | adenine(A)guanine(G)cytosine(C)Thymine(T)
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| 4 nitrogen bases in RNA | adenine(A)guanine(G)cytosine(C)Uracil(U)
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| DNA Polymerase | enzyme that builds DNA strands
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| ribosome | organelle where proteins are assembled(WORK BENCH)
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| three kinds of RNA | mRNA,rRNA,tRNA
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| deoxyribose | sugar in DNA
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| ribose | sugar in RNA
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| three parts of nucleotide | sugar,phosphate,nitrogen base
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| mutation | change in the DNA code
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| Replication | making an exact copy of DNA
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| codon | group of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
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| amino | acid monomer of proteins
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| Nucleotide | The basic building block(monomer)from which DNA is made.Each nucleotide is made up of three basic components-sugar,phosphate and a nitrogenous base
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| The Four Nitrogenous Bases of DNA | Adenine,thymine,cytosine and guanine
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| Double Helix | DNA structure discovered by Watson and Crick. Two strands of DNA wound around each other
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| Base Pairing | The nitrogen bases in the DNA molecule are paired.(A=T and C=G)
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| DNA Replication | The DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing.Each strand is a template for the new strand.
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid.The material contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that contains our genetic code.
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| messenger RNA | mRNA is made from one strand of DNA. It carries the code from DNA for the manufacture of proteins(to the ribosomes)
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid.There are three types of RNA,Messenger RNA,Transfer RNA and Ribosomal RNA
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| Distinguish between DNA and RNA | RNA has only one strand,DNA has two.RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose.RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine
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| Transcription | The process by which the DNA molecule separates and a strand is used to transcribe the code(for making a protein)onto mRNA
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| RNA polymerase | The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.
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| DNA polymerase | The enzyme envolved in the production of a second strand of DNA during DNA replication.
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| The Genetic Code | The language of mRNA instructions for the 20 amino acids that make up proteins.
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| Proteins | Macromolecules made up of amino acid subunit(monomers).Contain C,H,O and Nitrogen.Structural unit of our bodies and also many enzymes.
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| Codon | Three consecutive nitrogen bases on a mRNA chain.One codon determines one amino acid on the genetic code chart.
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| Anticodon | The three bases on tRNA that are complementary to the three bases on one mRNA codon
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| Translation | Occurs on the cells ribosomes where the information from mRNA is used to assemble amino acids to make proteins
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| Peptide Bond | Chemical bond that binds one amino acid to another to form a protein
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| Mutations | Changes in genetic material. Specific changes in the order and sequence of the nitrogen bases on a DNA strand. Mutations result in changes to protein structure. This can result in producing defective proteins that disrupt normal biological activity
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| Make a the corresponding DNA from this DNA strand.(ATACTGGATCCA) | TATGACCTAGGT
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| Make the corresponding mRNA chain for the following DNA Strand(ATACTGGATCCA) | UAUGACCUAGGU
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| What is the antiocodon for the following mRNA codon UAC | AUG
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| What is the amino acid sequence produced by the following mRNA sequence(AUGUACUGA) | methionine, tyrosine, stop
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| Transfer RNA | A type of RNA that transfers(transports) each amino acid to the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis.
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