All Earth Science for NYS regents
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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*Glossary | show 🗑
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show | the physical action of scraping, rubbing, grinding, or wearing away of rock surfaces and sediments due to the movement of solid sediments in an erosional system such as a stream or wind
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*absolute age | show 🗑
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show | the amount (mass) of water vapor in a unit volume of air, such as in grams/cubic meter
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show | theoretically, the lowest possible temperature, no heat energy can be extracted at this temperature
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show | taken into a material
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show | small solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas, suspended solid or liquid water are the aerosols that compose fog and clouds
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*air mass | show 🗑
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show | see atmospheric pressure
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show | gradient see pressure gradient
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altitude | show 🗑
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show | the angle at which the sun's rays hit Earth's surface, also called angle of insolation
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show | a high-pressure mass of air within the troposphere in which air moves out from the center, rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, also called a high
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aphelion | show 🗑
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apparent diameter | show 🗑
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apparent motion | show 🗑
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apparent solar day | show 🗑
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show | a curved line that is part of a circle, the shape of the path of most celestial objects, such as the sun, in their daily motion paths through Earth's sky
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arid | show 🗑
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show | a solid, rocky and/or metallic body that independently orbits the sun, large, irregularly shaped, except for the few larger spherical ones, mostly located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
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show | the plastic, partly solid, partly liquid layer of Earth's mantle just below the lithosphere that allows plate movements
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show | the layers of gases surrounding Earth or other celestial object, Earth's atmosphere is divided into layers according to differences in chemical and physical properties
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*atmospheric pressure | show 🗑
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show | how transparent the atmosphere is to insolation, how easily insolation can pass through the air
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atom | show 🗑
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*axis (of rotation) | show 🗑
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show | the layered arrangement of mineral crystals in some medium to coarse metamorphic rocks, a special type offoliation caused by layering and separation of minerals
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*barometer | show 🗑
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show | see atmospheric pressure
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*barrier island | show 🗑
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beach | show 🗑
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*bedrock | show 🗑
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bench mark | show 🗑
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*Big Bang theory | show 🗑
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*bioclastic sedimentary rock | show 🗑
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blizzard | show 🗑
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*breaking waves | show 🗑
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show | a unit of heat energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius
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calorimeter | show 🗑
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*capillarity | show 🗑
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show | the upward movement of water, against gravity, in part of the soil, loose materials, or bedrock due to capillarity, also called capillary action
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capillary water | show 🗑
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show | a radioactive isotope of carbon with a short half-life (5,700 years), used to date recent (up to 70,000-year old) remains of organic material
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*carbon-14 dating | show 🗑
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show | a colorless, odorless gas, COa, an important greenhouse gas present in the atmosphere, given off when a fuel containing carbon is burned
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show | any object in the universe outside of Earth's atmosphere, including moons, comets, planets, stars, and galaxies
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show | the process by which solid sediments or clasts are "glued" together by precipitated minerals, forming a sedimentary rock
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change | show 🗑
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change of state | show 🗑
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show | a rock composed of interconnected crystals of just one mineral that form by evaporation and/or precipitation of dissolved minerals, include rock salt and rock gypsum, also called an evaporite
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show | the processes by which chemicals, such as oxygen, acids, and water, break down rocks and other Earth materials, resulting in more stable new minerals (chemicals), example—rusting
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show | the grouping together of similar observations and inferences to make the study of objects and events in the environment more meaningful or easier to understand
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show | rock that is largely composed of solid sediments, such as the sand in sandstone
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clasts | show 🗑
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clay | show 🗑
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show | the tendency of a mineral to break along the zones of weakness and form smooth to semi-smooth parallel surfaces
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show | the overall view of a region's weather conditions over long periods of time, includes not only averages, but extremes
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cloud | show 🗑
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show | the fraction or percent of the total sky at a location that is covered by clouds, usually expressed in tenths
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show | the boundary of an advancing cold air mass and a warmer air mass, where the underlying cold air pushes forward like a wedge, characterized by a steep slope, rapid changes in weather, thunderstorms, and sometimes hail and tornadoes
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*comet | show 🗑
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compaction | show 🗑
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show | a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific proportion, such as most minerals
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show | the change in state or phase from a gas to a liquid, such as when water vapor changes to liquid water droplets as clouds form
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*conduction | show 🗑
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*constellation | show 🗑
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show | a type of interface or transition zone between rock types caused by the baking or altering of older bedrock by contact with molten rock (lava or magma), much of the older rock is changed into metamorphic rock
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*contact metamorphism | show 🗑
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continental climate | show 🗑
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show | the part of Earth's crust (upper lithosphere) that makes up the continents and larger islands thicker and lower in density than the oceanic crust, and granitic rather than basaltic in composition
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show | very large glaciers (like those of Antarctica and Greenland), so thick that they cover all landscape features except the highest mountains, tend to create a smooth and low landscape by erosion and deposition see mountain glacier
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show | (cA) the coldest and driest air masses that only invade the contiguous United States from Arctic regions at the coldest times of the year
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show | (cP) cold and dry air masses that invade the contiguous United States from Canada
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show | (cT) relatively rare hot dry air masses that form in the southwestern United States or northern Mexico, that may cause very hot and dry weather for the contiguous United States in the summer
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show | the difference in elevation indicated by two consecutive contour lines (of different value) on contour or topographic maps
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show | an isoline on a topographic, or contour, map that connects points of equal elevation on the surface of any solid celestial body, such as Earth
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contour map | show 🗑
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*convection | show 🗑
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show | a circulatory motion in a fluid due to convection, also called a convection cell
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convergence | show 🗑
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*convergent plate boundary | show 🗑
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*coordinate system | show 🗑
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core | show 🗑
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*Coriolis effect | show 🗑
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show | the process of showing that rocks or geologic events from different places are the same or similar in age
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show | see impact crater
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show | the outermost portion of Earth's solid lithosphere, separated from the uppermost mantle and lower lithosphere by the thin Moho interface
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show | (1) the individual mineral grains of many rocks (2) a solid with a definite internal structure of atoms arranged in a characteristic, regular, repeating pattern
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crystalline | show 🗑
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*crystallization | show 🗑
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*crystal shape | show 🗑
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*crystal structure | show 🗑
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*cyclic change | show 🗑
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*cyclone | show 🗑
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*cyclonic storm | show 🗑
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daily motion | show 🗑
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show | the amount of time it takes a planet or other celestial object to make one rotation
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*deforestation | show 🗑
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show | the deposit of sediment at the mouth or end of a river or stream where it flows into a quiet body of water such as a lake or ocean
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*density | show 🗑
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show | the process by which sediments are released, dropped, or settled from erosional systems, includes the precipitation of dissolved minerals in the formation of chemical sedimentary rocks, also called sedimentation
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show | a region with an arid climate where the average yearly precipitation is much smaller than potential evapotranspiration
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dew | show 🗑
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show | the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor and the relative humidity is 100%, at temperatures below the dew point, condensation or sublimation of water vapor occurs
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show | rays of sunlight (insolation) that strike Earth at an angle of 90°, also called vertical rays or perpendicular insolation
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show | the amount of water that passes a certain spot in a stream in a specific amount of time, such as liters per minute
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distorted structure | show 🗑
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show | (1) the spreading out of air from rising or falling currents of air in the troposphere (2) the type of plate movement in which Earth's plates spread or rift apart from each other, according to the plate tectonic theory
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show | the boundary between two plates that are spreading apart at a mid-ocean ridge or at a continental rift zone
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show | the apparent wavelength shifting of electromagnetic energy (such as visible light) caused by the relative motion between the energy source and the observer, also see redshift
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down cutting | show 🗑
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down-warped ocean basin | show 🗑
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show | liquid precipitation with drops smaller than raindrops
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show | a time of abnormal dry weather with a large enough deficit of water to cause crops and local water supplies to fail
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show | a low, long, narrow, streamlined oval mound of unsorted sediment that is formed at the bottom of glaciers, usually continental ones
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dry-bulb thermometer | show 🗑
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show | see sand dune
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duration of insolation | show 🗑
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show | a condition of the balancing out of opposing forces or actions, such as evaporation and condensation or erosion and deposition
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show | a natural, rapid shaking of the lithosphere caused when rocks are displaced due to the release of energy stored in rocks, most caused by rapid movement along faults, but also associated with other events, such as volcanic eruptions
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earthquake magnitude scale | show 🗑
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show | the region extending from the rocky part of Earth's surface to Earth's center
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Earth materials | show 🗑
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*eccentricity | show 🗑
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show | the complete or partial blocking of light when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another celestial body, see lunar eclipse and solar eclipse
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show | energy that is radiated (given off) from all objects (except at absolute zero, examples—visible light, radio waves, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation, often called light or radiant energy
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*electromagnetic spectrum | show 🗑
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element | show 🗑
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*elevation | show 🗑
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show | a closed curve around two fixed points, called foci, in which the sum of the distances between any point of the curve and the foci is a constant, example—the shape of all planetary orbits
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show | a series of weather changes on Earth caused by a change from cold surface ocean water to warm surface ocean water in the eastern Pacific Ocean off western South America, occurs every two to ten years
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emergency preparedness | show 🗑
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*energy | show 🗑
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show | the balance that exists among the natural parts of the environment even though all parts of the environment are constantly changing
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show | the largest division of geologic time, which is divided into eras
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*epicenter | show 🗑
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show | one of the small divisions of geologic time that are combined into periods
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*equator | show 🗑
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equinox | show 🗑
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era | show 🗑
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show | the carrying away of sediment by wind, water, ice, and other agents, the process by which sediments are obtained and transported the wearing away and lowering of Earth's land surface features
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show | the various agents such as streams, glaciers, wind, ocean currents that pick up, transport, and deposit sediments at or near Earth's (or similar celestial object's) surface
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error | show 🗑
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*escarpment | show 🗑
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evaporation | show 🗑
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show | the combination of the processes of evaporation and transpiration
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evaporite | show 🗑
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show | the name used to describe the occurrence of a change in the environment
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evolution | show 🗑
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show | a mass of igneous rock formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rock (lava) on Earth's surface, examples—a lava flow and a volcanic mountain
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show | a rock formed by solidification of lava at or above Earth's surface, also called volcanic igneous rock
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show | a crack in a mass of rock or soil along which there has been displacement, shifting, or movement of the rock or soil on each side of the crack
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*faulted (rock) | show 🗑
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faulting | show 🗑
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show | any part of the universe that has some measurable value of a given quantity at every point, such as Earth's magnetic or Sun's gravitational fields
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show | a body of water that forms in a long, narrow U-shaped glacial valley, often partly dammed at one end by a mound of glacial moraine sediment, example—the Finger Lakes of central New York
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flood | show 🗑
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*flood plain | show 🗑
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show | (1) in an ellipse, either of two fixed points located so that the sum of their distances to any point on the ellipse is constant (2) the place where an earthquake originates
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show | a cloud that is on, or just above, Earth's surface
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show | the bends in layered rock due to movement in the lithosphere, a type of deformed rock
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show | texture of metamorphic rocks caused by the layering of mineral crystals
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show | any physical evidence of former life, either direct or indirect
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show | the organic fuels found within Earth's crust, includes oil (petroleum), natural gas, and coal
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*Foucault pendulum | show 🗑
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*fracture | show 🗑
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freezing | show 🗑
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freezing rain | show 🗑
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show | the interface, or boundary, between two air masses of different characteristics
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fusion | show 🗑
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show | the large groupings of millions or billions of stars and other forms of mass held together by gravitation our galaxy is called the Milky Way
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show | an early concept of celestial objects and their motions in which all celestial objects revolved around Earth, which was stationary and was the center of the universe
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show | the North and South poles of Earth, with a latitude of 90°, located at opposite ends of Earth's axis of rotation
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show | a chronological model of the geologic history of Earth using the divisions of eons, eras, periods, and epochs, see History of New York State in the Earth Science Reference Tables
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*glacial groove | show 🗑
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*glacial parallel | show 🗑
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show | a large mass of naturally formed ice on land that moves downhill due to gravity, also see continental glacier and mountain glacier
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show | a recent trend towards a warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere (troposphere) possibly caused by human pollution
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show | a layering of sediment or sedimentary rock that shows a gradual change in particle size, with the largest particles on the bottom and the smallest ones on top
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show | the rate of change from place to place within a field, also called slope - amount of change in field gradient = distance through which change occurs
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show | the attractive force that exists between any two objects in the universe, proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers, also called gravitational force
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show | the force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth
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*greenhouse gases | show 🗑
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greenhouse effect | show 🗑
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show | the subsurface water found beneath the water table in the zone of saturation, sometimes used to mean all subsurface water.
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show | a round solid form of precipitation composed of concentric layers of ice and snow, only forms from cumulonimbus (thunderhead) clouds
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show | the time required for half of the atoms in a given mass of a radioactive isotope to decay, or change, to a different isotope
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show | the resistance a mineral offers to being scratched or dented, usually measured by comparison to the Mohs hardness scale of minerals
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show | an object, process, or situation that holds the possibility of injury or death to humans or damage to property
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show | a condition of the atmosphere in which the aerosol content is so high that distant images are blurred, and a cloudless sky does not appear blue
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show | the result of the balance between the total amount of energy an object receives and the total energy it emits, or loses - measured as the average temperature of an object
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show | energy that is transferred from one body to another as a result of a difference in temperature or thermal energy of two bodies, also called heat, also see thermal energy
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show | the modem concept of celestial objects and their motions, in which a rotating Earth and other planets revolve around the sun
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high tide | show 🗑
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*hot spot | show 🗑
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show | a moist or wet climate where the precipitation is greater than potential evapotranspiration on a yearly average
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*humidity | show 🗑
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show | a large, strong cyclonic storm that forms over tropical ocean waters with sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or greater
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show | see water cycle
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show | the liquid water (mostly the oceans) that rests on much of the Earth's solid or rocky surface, included by some scientists—the subsurface water, water in the atmosphere, sea ice, glaciers, and water in life forms
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show | times of widespread glaciation outside of polar areas (see the Pleistocene epoch in Geologic History Of New York State At A Glance in the Earth Science Reference Tables)
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*igneous rock | show 🗑
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show | an oval-shaped depression with a raised rim formed by a meteorite, asteroid, or comet colliding with Earth's, or any other solid celestial object's, solid surface
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*impact event | show 🗑
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show | a body of older rock within an igneous rock formed when pieces of rock surrounding liquid rock fall into the magma or lava, but don't melt before the liquid rock solidifies
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*index fossil | show 🗑
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*inertia | show 🗑
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*inference | show 🗑
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*infiltrate | show 🗑
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show | a type of long-wave electromagnetic radiation
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show | the innermost zone of Earth's core, which is thought to be composed of iron and nickel in a solid state
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show | not organic, thus not part of a life form or made by living or former life forms
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*insolation (INcoming SOLar radiATION) | show 🗑
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*instrument | show 🗑
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intensity of insolation | show 🗑
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*interface | show 🗑
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interpretation | show 🗑
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intrusion | show 🗑
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show | a rock that forms by the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's solid surface, examples—granite or gabbro - also called plutonic igneous rock
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*island arc | show 🗑
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*isobar | show 🗑
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*isoline | show 🗑
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show | an isoline used on weather and climatic maps to connect points of equal air temperature
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*isotope | show 🗑
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*jet stream | show 🗑
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joint | show 🗑
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*Jovian planets | show 🗑
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*kettle lake | show 🗑
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kinetic energy | show 🗑
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knots | show 🗑
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show | individual features of Earth's (or any other solid celestial object's) surface from mountain ranges to a mud crack in a puddle
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show | the features of Earth's surface at the interfaces between the atmosphere or the hydrosphere and the top of the lithosphere, also on all other solid celestial bodies
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*landscape region | show 🗑
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show | the angular distance north or south of the equator, usually expressed in units of angular measurement such as degrees - minimum latitude 0° at the equator and maximum 90° N or 90° S at the geographic poles
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latitudinal climatic pattern | show 🗑
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lava | show 🗑
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leveling forces | show 🗑
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light | show 🗑
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*lithosphere | show 🗑
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show | see plate
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*local time | show 🗑
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show | an angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, usually expressed in degrees - minimum longitude 0° at the prime meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England, and maximum longitude 180° E or 180° W
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longshore currents | show 🗑
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long-wave electromagnetic | show 🗑
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low | show 🗑
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low tide | show 🗑
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show | measures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the same distance from the observer
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show | the darkening of the moon caused by Earth's shadow
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show | the way a mineral looks or shines in reflected light
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*magma | show 🗑
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magnitude | show 🗑
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show | the mostly solid part of Earth between the crust and the outer core
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show | ocean or sea-like
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show | a coastal climate moderated by the effects of a large body of water (ocean, sea, or lake) - having warmer winters and colder summers than areas of similar latitude not near a large body of water
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show | cool and humid air masses that invade the contiguous United States from the oceans to the northeast and northwest
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maritime tropical air mass (mT) | show 🗑
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*mass | show 🗑
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*mass movement | show 🗑
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show | the 24-hour day established for convenience in time-keeping, derived by averaging the lengths of the apparent solar days in a year
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show | a type of local time divided into exactly 24 hours for the convenience of timekeeping
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show | a curve or bend in a stream or river
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*measurement | show 🗑
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show | all the energy of an object or system not related to the individual motions of atoms and molecules, the total of the potential and kinetic energy of an object or system
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show | the change in state or phase from a solid to a liquid
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*meridian of longitude | show 🗑
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*metamorphic rock | show 🗑
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*metamorphism | show 🗑
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*meteor | show 🗑
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show | a meteoroid that has landed on Earth's surface
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meteoroid | show 🗑
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show | the organic compound CH*, often called swamp gas, that is an important greenhouse gas - major part of the fossil fuel called natural gas
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show | see cyclonic storm
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*mid-ocean ridge | show 🗑
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*Milky Way Galaxy | show 🗑
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*mineral | show 🗑
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show | an individual grain of a mineral
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show | Earth materials that people need, including minerals, rocks, and fossils fuels
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misconception | show 🗑
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*model | show 🗑
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show | the interface, or boundary zone, between Earth's crust and mantle, short for Mohorovicic discontinuity
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show | a scale used to measure the relative hardness of minerals, ranges from 1 to 10 with talc assigned a hardness of 1 and diamond a hardness of 10
🗑
|
||||
moisture | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a measure of the total amount of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature, the maximum absolute humidity of a parcel of air at a particular temperature
🗑
|
||||
show | cyclic and extreme weather changes caused by the shifting wind and pressure belts - especially strong in southeast Asia where summer brings wet weather from the ocean and winter brings dry weather from the continental interior
🗑
|
||||
*moon | show 🗑
|
||||
*moraine | show 🗑
|
||||
*mountain | show 🗑
|
||||
mountain glacier | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a non-human-related object, process, or situation that has the possibility of causing loss of life, personal injury, or loss of property, examples-volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, floods
🗑
|
||||
show | the materials and energy sources found in the environment that humans use in their daily lives
🗑
|
||||
show | the location on Earth's surface at the north end of the axis of rotation with a 90° N latitude, also called the geographic north pole
🗑
|
||||
North Star | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the combining of the nuclei of smaller elements to form the nuclei of larger elements with some mass being converted into energy - example—the sun produces energy in this way
🗑
|
||||
show | the perception of some aspect of the environment by one or more human senses, with or without the aid of instruments
🗑
|
||||
show | the boundary of opposing wedges of cold air masses formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front, lifting the warm air mass off Earth's surface, forming mid-latitude cyclones (lows)
🗑
|
||||
show | the continuous salty water body that covers 70% of Earth's surface or any one of its major parts such as the Atlantic Ocean - the major part of the hydrosphere
🗑
|
||||
show | see surface ocean currents
🗑
|
||||
ocean floor spreading | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the portion of Earth's crust that is usually below the oceans and not associated with continental areas, thinner and higher in density than continental crust and basaltic rather than granitic in composition
🗑
|
||||
*ocean trench | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the path of an object revolving around another object, such as the path of Earth around the sun
🗑
|
||||
show | the speed of an orbiting body along its orbit at any given time similar to orbital velocity
🗑
|
||||
show | a rock or mineral deposit that can supply a mineral resource that is worthwhile to mine or drill
🗑
|
||||
show | an Earth material that is composed of and/or was formed by life forms
🗑
|
||||
show | the theory stating that life forms change through time, new species of organisms arise by gradual transitional changes from existing species
🗑
|
||||
organic sedimentary rocks | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a concept that states that sedimentary rocks and some extrusive igneous rocks, such as lava flows, form in horizontal layers parallel to Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
orogeny | show 🗑
|
||||
show | location at Earth's surface where bedrock is exposed without a cover of soil or other materials
🗑
|
||||
*outer core | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the seeping out of gases from Earth's interior through cracks and volcanic eruptions to Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
*outwash plain | show 🗑
|
||||
oxidation | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a three-atom molecule of oxygen (compared to the more common two-atom molecule of oxygen) that is a pollutant in the troposphere, but is important in the stratosphere where it absorbs much of the ultraviolet insolation from the sun
🗑
|
||||
show | east-west circles on maps or globes that are equidistant from the equator at all points, and thus maintain the same value of latitude, also called parallels
🗑
|
||||
passive margin basin | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the interfaces, or boundaries, of the layers of Earth's atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
show | the numerical amount, expressed as a percent, by which a measurement diners from a given standard or accepted value
🗑
|
||||
show | the point in a planet's orbit when it is closest to the sun, occurs for Earth about January 3, when Earth is about 147,000,000 kilometers from the sun
🗑
|
||||
period | show 🗑
|
||||
*permeability | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the speed at which a certain amount of fluid, such as water or oil, can pass through a porous material, the speed at which water moves from above to below Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
perpendicular insolation | show 🗑
|
||||
show | (1) one of the three main forms of matter—liquid, solid, or gas, also called state of matter (2) the varying portion of the lighted part of the moon, Venus, or Mercury visible from Earth
🗑
|
||||
phase change | show 🗑
|
||||
*physical weathering | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a landscape of low elevation and generally level surface with little change in slope, usually characterized by horizontal rock structure
🗑
|
||||
planet | show 🗑
|
||||
show | east-west zones on Earth where the wind blows from one direction much of the time, also see prevailing winds, example — the prevailing southwest winds that blow over the contiguous United States
🗑
|
||||
show | section of the lithosphere that moves around Earth's solid surface, also called a lithospheric plate or tectonic plate
🗑
|
||||
*plateau | show 🗑
|
||||
*plate tectonic theory | show 🗑
|
||||
show | see intrusive igneous rocks
🗑
|
||||
*polar front | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the star that is presently almost directly over the geographic North Pole of Earth, also called the North Star
🗑
|
||||
pollutants | show 🗑
|
||||
*pollution | show 🗑
|
||||
show | percentage of open space (pores and cracks) in a material compared to its total volume
🗑
|
||||
show | the energy possessed by an object as a result of its position or location, chemical conditions, or phase (state) of matter
🗑
|
||||
show | the amount of water that would be lost from a portion of Earth's surface through evaporation and transpiration over a given time IF the water were available
🗑
|
||||
show | (1) falling liquid or solid water from clouds toward Earth's surface, (2) a type of sediment deposition in which dissolved minerals come out of solution to form solids, as in the formation of chemical sedimentary rocks such as rock salt
🗑
|
||||
precipitation gauge | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a type of inference about the conditions and behavior of the environment in the future
🗑
|
||||
show | that the physical, chemical, biological, and geological events today are similar to those in the past - thus we can interpret the past by understanding the present
🗑
|
||||
show | the conditions or state of the atmosphere for a short period of time at a location determined by comparison with a standard list produced by the United States Weather Service, see Weather Map Information in the Reference Tables
🗑
|
||||
pressure gradient | show 🗑
|
||||
show | winds that blow from a certain compass direction for a large part of a year - usually associated with the planetary wind belts
🗑
|
||||
primary waves | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the meridian of 0° longitude, also called the Meridian of Greenwich
🗑
|
||||
*probability | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a model, usually drawn from a topographic map, that uses upward and downward changes of a line to show changes in elevation and slope, a side view of an area's topography, or landscape
🗑
|
||||
show | an instrument that is used to indirectly measure the amount of water vapor in air, such as a sling psychrometer, with the use of data tables, temperature readings from a psychrometer can be used to determine relative humidity and dew point
🗑
|
||||
show | the waves in earthquakes that travel through Earth's interior and cause particles through which they travel to vibrate in the direction the waves are moving, the fastest-moving of all earthquake waves, also called primary waves
🗑
|
||||
*radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging instrument) | show 🗑
|
||||
radiation | show 🗑
|
||||
radioactive dating | show 🗑
|
||||
radioactive decay | show 🗑
|
||||
show | any rock or mineral that condradioactive atoms
🗑
|
||||
show | liquid precipitation larger than drizzle or 0.5mm
🗑
|
||||
show | a type of precipitation gauge that measures liquid precipitation
🗑
|
||||
rain shower | show 🗑
|
||||
*rate of change | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a process in the formation of metamorphic rocks by which mineral crystals grow in size at the expense of older crystals or sediments without true melting
🗑
|
||||
show | the type of Doppler effect caused by an increase in distance between the observer and the source of the electromagnetic radiation - a displacement towards longer wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, used as evidence for the Big Bang theory
🗑
|
||||
reflected | show 🗑
|
||||
reflection | show 🗑
|
||||
show | waves bent during passage through materials of varying density so that the direction is changed, example—light waves refracted by water
🗑
|
||||
refraction | show 🗑
|
||||
show | process of formation of metamorphic rock over large areas due to an increase in temperature and pressure, usually as the result of mountain building associated with plate collision or convergence
🗑
|
||||
relative dating | show 🗑
|
||||
shore, or shoreline | show 🗑
|
||||
sink in an energy system | show 🗑
|
||||
sleet | show 🗑
|
||||
slope | show 🗑
|
||||
smog | show 🗑
|
||||
snow | show 🗑
|
||||
snow shower | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the part of the ground that will support rooted plants, the product of weathering of rock and the actions of living organisms
🗑
|
||||
solar eclipse | show 🗑
|
||||
show | see insolation
🗑
|
||||
show | the time it takes for Earth to rotate from solar noon to solar noon on two successive days at any fixed location on Earth
🗑
|
||||
show | the time at which the sun reaches its highest point in the sky at any fixed location
🗑
|
||||
*solar system | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the local time based on the actual motions of the sun in the sky, sundial time
🗑
|
||||
*solidification | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the two times of the year when the vertical rays of the sun fall the farthest from the equator, see summer solstice and winter solstice
🗑
|
||||
show | a condition in which all the particles in a material are the same or similar in size
🗑
|
||||
show | a deposit of sediments that are similar in size (or shape, or density), the greater the similarity of particles the more sorted the sediments
🗑
|
||||
show | a region that has a higher energy concentration than its surroundings, energy flows from the source
🗑
|
||||
source region | show 🗑
|
||||
space | show 🗑
|
||||
*species | show 🗑
|
||||
*specific heat | show 🗑
|
||||
show | how much distance is covered in a specific amount of time, such as kilometers per second
🗑
|
||||
show | a worldwide system of 24 north- south zones, that are 15 degrees of longitude wide, which keep the same local time
🗑
|
||||
stages of landscape development | show 🗑
|
||||
show | usually a large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines, also called a sun
🗑
|
||||
show | see phase
🗑
|
||||
*stationary front | show 🗑
|
||||
show | model cities and other weather station sites on weather maps represented by circles, with symbols in and around each circle that indicate the many weather variables
🗑
|
||||
show | a violent disturbance in the atmosphere that usually creates dangerous, destructive, and/or unpleasant conditions at Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
show | the layers or beds of sedimentary rock and extrusive igneous rock
🗑
|
||||
show | the color of the powder of a mineral which is usually more consistent than normal mineral color
🗑
|
||||
show | water flowing through a channel on land - examples—a large river or a narrow creek
🗑
|
||||
*stream abrasion | show 🗑
|
||||
stream bed | show 🗑
|
||||
*stream channel shape | show 🗑
|
||||
show | see discharge
🗑
|
||||
show | the shape of the stream courses in an area as viewed from the sky
🗑
|
||||
show | see rock structure
🗑
|
||||
*subduction | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the portion of a plate that sinks down into Earth's interior (asthenosphere) where converging plates cause subduction to take place
🗑
|
||||
show | the change of state from a solid directly to a gas or from a gas to a solid with no intermediate liquid state, example—the forming of frost by sublimation of water vapor into ice
🗑
|
||||
show | the sinking or depression of part of Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
show | all liquid water found in soil, sediment, and bedrock beneath Earth's surface - see also groundwater
🗑
|
||||
summer solstice | show 🗑
|
||||
show | (1) star at the center of our solar system (2) another name for any star
🗑
|
||||
sundial | show 🗑
|
||||
*sunspot | show 🗑
|
||||
sun's vertical rays | show 🗑
|
||||
superposition | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a continuous horizontal flow of water at or near the ocean's surface driven by the prevailing winds, also called ocean currents
🗑
|
||||
show | a method of weather prediction that uses a synopsis or summary of the total weather picture (often using a weather map) to predict future weather
🗑
|
||||
*S-waves | show 🗑
|
||||
technology | show 🗑
|
||||
tectonic forces | show 🗑
|
||||
show | see plate
🗑
|
||||
*temperature | show 🗑
|
||||
*terrestrial planets | show 🗑
|
||||
*texture | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the energy of motion of atoms and molecules, see heat energy
🗑
|
||||
show | an instrument used to measure temperature that usually consists of a confined fluid (alcohol or mercury) that expands and contracts with temperature changes
🗑
|
||||
show | a local, short-lived storm from cumulonimbus (thunderhead) clouds that always has lightning and thunder, often associated with heavy rain, high winds, hail, and less commonly, tornadoes and flooding
🗑
|
||||
*tides | show 🗑
|
||||
tilted strata | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the sense of things happening one after another or the duration of an event
🗑
|
||||
show | One of the 24 north-south trending zones, that are 15 degrees of longitude wide, that keep time based upon its relative angular distance from Greenwich Mean Time which has a longitude of Zero degrees
🗑
|
||||
show | a model of the elevation field of a solid celestial object, such as Earth, using contour lines and other symbols, also called a contour map
🗑
|
||||
topography | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a narrow cyclonic storm with very high wind speeds characterized by a very low air pressure and a twisting funnel that touches the ground, formation often associated with cumulonimbus (thunderhead) clouds
🗑
|
||||
show | the path of movement of an air mass, front, or storm, weather tracks are often predictable, which helps in forecasting
🗑
|
||||
trade-off | show 🗑
|
||||
*transform plate boundary | show 🗑
|
||||
*transpiration | show 🗑
|
||||
transported sediment | show 🗑
|
||||
transported soil | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a wave that vibrates at right angles to its direction of motion, examples—electromagnetic energy and earthquake S-waves
🗑
|
||||
show | small stream or river that flow into a larger stream or river
🗑
|
||||
show | the part of the atmosphere immediately above Earth's surface, where most weather changes occur
🗑
|
||||
*tsunami | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a form of electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than visible light - mostly absorbed by gases of the atmosphere, especially ozone in the stratosphere, before reaching Earth's surface
🗑
|
||||
show | a buried eroded surface causing a break, or gap, in the rock record
🗑
|
||||
*universe | show 🗑
|
||||
*unsorted | show 🗑
|
||||
*unsorted sediments | show 🗑
|
||||
*uplifted | show 🗑
|
||||
wind direction | show 🗑
|
||||
wind erosion | show 🗑
|
||||
wind speed | show 🗑
|
||||
wind vane | show 🗑
|
||||
show | wind speed with a directional aspect
🗑
|
||||
winter solstice | show 🗑
|
||||
year | show 🗑
|
||||
show | mountains that are presently rising because they are at the location of converging plates or at the site of a hot spot
🗑
|
||||
show | the soil, loose materials, or bedrock from Earth's surface down to the water table, where the pores are only partly filled with liquid water, air fills the rest of the pores
🗑
|
||||
zone of saturation | show 🗑
|
||||
show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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globalscience
Popular Earth Science sets