Location of Adrenergic Receptors and Effetcs of Stimulation
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| Receptor- Alpha 1 | Response to Stimulation: Constriction- Aterioles and Veins, Mydrias- Eye, Ejaculation- Penis
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| Receptor- Alpha 2 | Presynaptic terminals inhibition*
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| Receptor- Beta 1 | Increased HR- Heart, Increased Conductivity- Heart, Increased Automaticity- Heart, Increased Contractility- Heart, Renin Release- Heart
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| Receptor- Beta 2 | Bronchodialation- Lungs, Dialation- Arterioles, Inhibition of Contractions- Uterus, Tremors- Skeletal Muscle
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| Receptor- Dopaminergic | Vasodialation (increased blod flow)- Kidney
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| Synapse | Between two nerves
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| Nueroeffector Junction | Specialized synapse bewteen a nerve cell and the organ or tissue it innervates
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| Neurotransmitter | Chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse
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| Cholinergic | Pertaining to the neortransmitter acetylcholine
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| Adrenergic | Pertaining to the neurotransmitter nor-epinephrine
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| Parasympathomimetic | Drug or other substance that causes effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous system (also called cholinergic)
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| Parasympatholytic | Drug or other substance that blocks or inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system (also called anticholinergic)
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| Effects of Atropine overdose? | Hot as hell, Blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter
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| Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) , an inhaled anitcholinergic, is effective in treating asthma because why? | It relaxes the smooth muscle and causes bronchodialation
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| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | They produce a state of paralysis without affecting conciousness
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| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents can be? | Non-depolarizing or Depolarizing depending on their mechanism of action
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| There is only one DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker, what is it? | Succinylcholine (Anectine)
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| Succinylcholine (Anectine) has the shortest onset and duration of action beacause? | It has a naturally occurring enzyme, pseudocholinesterase, which degrades it
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| Sypathomimetic | Drug or other substance that causes effects like those of the sympathetic nervous system
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| Sypatholytic | Drug or other sustance that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
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| Common Catecholamines- (Natural) | Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Dopamine
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| Common Catecholamines- (Synthetic) | Isoproterenol and Dobutamine
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| Norepinephrine acts on what receptors? | Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1
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| Epinephrine acts on what receptors? | Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2
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| Dobutamine acts on what receptors? | Beta 1
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| Dopamine acts on what receptors? | Beta 1, Dopaminergic
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| Terbutaline acts on what receptors? | Beta 2
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| The drugs to treat cardiovascular disease generally fall into two broad functional classifications? | Antidysrhythmics and antihypertensives
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| Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I) have what effect on the heart? | They slow the propagation of impulses down to the specialized conduction system of the atria and ventricles, although it does not affect the SA or AV nodes
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| Sodium Channel Blockers have what other effects? | They slowing the conduction, these drugs also decrease the repolarization rate. This widens the QRSc and prolongs the QT interval
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| Lidocaine (Class IB) has what effect? | It increases the rate of repolarization. It also reduces automaticity in the ventricular calls, which makes it effective in treating rhythms originating from ectopic venticular foci.
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| Lidocaine is the drug of choice for what two arrhythmia's | Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation
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| When Lidocaine is given in overdose it has what effects? | It has significant CNS side effects including tinnitus, confusion, and convulsions
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| Beta Blockers (Class II) have what effect on the heart? | Beta 1 receptor in the heart is attached to the calcium channels. Blocking the beta1 recpetors thus blocks the calcium channel and prevents the gradual influx of calcium in phase 0 of the slow potential. Almost the same effect as CCB's
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| Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III) have what effect on the heart? | Check on this
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| Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV) have what effect on the heart? | They decrease teh SA node and AV node automaticity, most of their usefulness arises from decresing conductivity through the AV node. They effectively slow the ventricular conductivity of AFib and Aflutter
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| Miscellaneous Antidysrhythmics...name 3 we use? | Adenosine, Digoxin and Magnesium Sulfate
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| Adenosine has what effect on the heart? | It acts on both potassium and calcium channels, increasing potassium efflux and inhibiting calcium influx. This results in hyperpolarization that effectively slows the conduction of slow potentials found in the SA and AV nodes.
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| Digoxin has what effect on the heart? | It decreases the intrinsic firing rate in the SA node, whereas it decreases conduction velocity in the AV node. It increases contractility
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| Magnesium Sulfate has what effect on the heart? | It is the drug of choice for torsades de pointe and it's action is not known, it may act on the sodium or potassium channels or on Na++K+ATPase
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| Antihypertensive are classified as what? | Diuretics, Beta-blockers and antiadrenergic drugs, ACE inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers, Direct Vasodialators
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| Which antihypertensive drugs are most prescribed? | Diuretics and Beta-blockers and are effective in many patients
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robillard.james
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