8.LS.2
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| cell division | the formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell
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| centriole | an organelle in animal cells that is involved in cell division; they produce spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division
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| centromere | the part of the chromosome where the chromatids are attached; during mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the chromosome at these structures
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| chromatid | one of two identical halves of a replicated (copied) chromosome
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| chromatin | DNA strands in the nucleus during interphase
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| chromosome | a structure formed from condensed chromatin; consist of two identical chromatids attached at the centromere, giving them a characteristic "X" shape
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| cytokinesis | a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells
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| DNA | a molecule that carries genetic information; stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
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| interphase | the period in the cell cycle during which the cell grows, matures, and duplicates genetic information; preparing for cell division
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| mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus; has four stages
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| prophase | a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosomes condense, and centromeres move to opposite ends of the cell
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| metaphase | a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which chromosomes line up along the center of the cell "MIDDLE"
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| anaphase | the stage of mitosis or meiosis in which chromosomes are split up and chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell "AWAY"
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| telophase | the stage of during mitosis or meiosis in which the DNA unwinds a nuclear membrane reforms around the chromatids or chromosomes "TWO NUCLEI"
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| diploid | a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; body cells (somatic cells)
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| gamete | a mature, haploid reproductive cell that is created as a result of meiosis; sex cell
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| haploid | a cell containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes; sex cells
they contain HALF the chromosomes as diploid cells
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| sperm cell | male gamete; sex cell
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| ovum | female gamete (sex cell); egg cell
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| sister chromatid | two identical strands of DNA in a chromosome connected by a centromere
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| homologous chromosomes | a pair of chromosomes that are similar in length, as well as gene and centromere position
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| meiosis | a type of cell division in which a parent cell divides twice, producing four daughter cells (haploid sex cells)
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