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Chapter 1

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Term
Definition
Borderland   General term for a linear zone that parallels a political boundary  
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Transition zone   where 2 realms meet  
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Physiographic regions   A region within which there prevails substantial natural landscape homogeneity  
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Continentality   The variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world’s landmasses  
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Rain shadow effect   The relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic  
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Federation   A country adhering to a political framework wherein in a central government represents the various subnational entities within a nation-state  
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Aquifer   An underground reservoir of water contained within a porous, water-bearing rock layer  
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Fossil fuel   The resources of coal, natural gas, and petroleum (oil)  
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Urban system   A hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country  
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American Manufacturing Belt   North America’s near rectangular core area, whose corners are Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Baltimore  
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Distribution center   A centralized focus of economic activity specializing in the distribution of goods  
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Intermodal connections   Facilities and activities related to the transfer of goods in transit from one transportation mode to another  
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Outer city   The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis  
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Deindustrialization   Companies relocating manufacturing jobs to other regions or countries with cheaper labor  
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Central business district   The downtown heart of a central city  
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Information economy   The new increasingly dominant, postindustrial economy that is maturing in the most highly advanced countries of North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim  
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GPS   The orbiting satellite based navigation system that provides locational and time information  
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Gentrification   The upgrading of an older residential area through private reinvestment, usually in the downtown area of a central city  
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Neighborhood effect   The impact of one’s neighborhood on an individual’s outlook, aspirations, socialization, and life chances  
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Residential geography   The spatial distribution of residential population  
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Sunbelt   The popular name given to the southern tier of the United States, which is anchored by the mega-States of California, Texas, and Florida  
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Migration   A change in residence to be permanent  
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Electoral geography   The spatial distribution of political preferences as expressed in voting behavior for political parties and/or candidates  
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Melting pot   Traditional characterization of American society as blend of numerous immigrant ethnic groups that over time were assimilated into a single mainstream  
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First Nations   Name given to Canada’s indigenous peoples of American descent, whose U.S counterparts are called Native Americans  
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World-city   A large city with particularly significant international linkages that also has high ranking in the global urban system  
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Thechnopole   A planned techno- industrial complex that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy  
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Pacific Rim   A far flung group of countries and components of countries sharing the same criteria  
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Tar sands   The main source of oil from non-liquid petroleum reserves. The oil is mixed with sand and requires massive open pit mining  
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Boreal forest   The subarctic, mostly coniferous snow forests that blankets Canada south of the tundra that lines the Arctic shore  
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