Anatomy and Physiology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of on and no charge: | neutron
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| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of one and a positive charge: | proton
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| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of zero and a negative charge: | electron
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| define atom: | basic unit of matter
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| define molecule: | two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds
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| define covalent bond: | where an electron is shared between two atoms
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| define ion: | an atom with a positive of negative charge
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| define ionic bond: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another, build up of charge; opposites attract
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| define hydrogen bond: | weak bond between molecules
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| define synthesis: | small molecules linked into larger ones by chemical bonds
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| define decomposition: | larger molecule, breakdown of chemical bonds, formation of smaller molecules
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| define isotope/radioisotope: | element that has a different mass # than usual
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| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.0001M | 1x10exp-5M pH=5
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| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.0000000000001M | 1x10exp-13M pH=13
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| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.01M | 1x10exp0 pH=0
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| the pH scale measure the __________________ of a solution | H+ concentration
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| what pH range(s) include acids: | <7
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| what range(s) includes bases: | >7
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| what range(s) includes neutral: | 7
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| if a substance has a pH of 9, then what is its [H+] concentration? | 10exp-9M
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| if a substance has a pH of 3, then what is its [H+] concentration? | 10exp-9M
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| when a small amount of acid or base is added to a buffered solution what happens to the pH? why? | it stays approx the same. buffer takes up and releases H+
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| when a small amount of acid is added to an unbuffered solution what happens to the pH? why? | it goes down. acids add H+ to a solution
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| which of these will change the pH of a solution: HCL or NaCl? why? | HCl. because it is an acid
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| organic molecules contain: | carbon
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| which chemical reactions break down large molecules? | decomposition
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| which chemical reactions use small molecules to build large ones: | synthesis
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| name the four biological molecules and give the basic units and function for each: | carbohydrates; monosaccharides; energy/building blocks lipids; fatty acids and glycerol; energy/membranes proteins; amino acids; antibodies/enzymes/transport molecules nucleic acids; nucleotides; genetic info/energy transporter
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| define peptide: | short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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| define polypeptide: | long chain of amino acids
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| define protein: | two or more poly peptides linked by weak bonds
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| define peptide bond: | covalent bond
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| classify and give a role for glucose: | carbohydrate (monosaccharide); universal cellular fuel
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| classify and give a role for triglyceride: | lipid; stores energy
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| classify and give a role for DNA: | nucleic acid; genetic material
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| classify and give a role for ATP: | nucleic acid (nucleotide); carries energy
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| classify and give a role for cholesterol: | lipid; membrane component
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| classify and give a role for enzyme: | protein; acts as a biological catalyst
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| classify and give a role for phospholipid: | lipid; membrane component
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| classify and give a role for hemoglobin: | protein; carries oxygen
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| classify and give a role for antibody: | protein; defense agains disease
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| classify and give a role for glycogen: | carbohydrate; stores energy in liver and muscles
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| classify and give a role for RNA: | nucleic acid; transfers genetic material
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| a protein that undergoes a change in structure and loss of function is ____________ | denatured
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| DNA is made up of: | adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
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| RNA is made up of: | adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
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| unsaturated fatty acids have at least one ___________ between carbons while saturated fatty acids do not. | double bond
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| identify these enzyme terms:substrate active site product | substrate: chemical entering an enzyme reaction active site: part of the enzyme that is doing the reaction product: substrate changed to product by enzyme
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| enzymes carry out reactions A. quickly B. slowly | A
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| enzymes carry out reactions A. only once B. many times | B
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| enzymes A. carry out many types of chemical reactions B. are specialists | B
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| enzymes are named for their ____________ and usually end in the letters ____ | substrates; ase
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