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Unit One Study Guide
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of on and no charge: | neutron |
| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of one and a positive charge: | proton |
| name the subatomic particle that has a mass of zero and a negative charge: | electron |
| define atom: | basic unit of matter |
| define molecule: | two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds |
| define covalent bond: | where an electron is shared between two atoms |
| define ion: | an atom with a positive of negative charge |
| define ionic bond: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another, build up of charge; opposites attract |
| define hydrogen bond: | weak bond between molecules |
| define synthesis: | small molecules linked into larger ones by chemical bonds |
| define decomposition: | larger molecule, breakdown of chemical bonds, formation of smaller molecules |
| define isotope/radioisotope: | element that has a different mass # than usual |
| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.0001M | 1x10exp-5M pH=5 |
| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.0000000000001M | 1x10exp-13M pH=13 |
| express the following concentration is scientific notation and as a pH: 0.01M | 1x10exp0 pH=0 |
| the pH scale measure the __________________ of a solution | H+ concentration |
| what pH range(s) include acids: | <7 |
| what range(s) includes bases: | >7 |
| what range(s) includes neutral: | 7 |
| if a substance has a pH of 9, then what is its [H+] concentration? | 10exp-9M |
| if a substance has a pH of 3, then what is its [H+] concentration? | 10exp-9M |
| when a small amount of acid or base is added to a buffered solution what happens to the pH? why? | it stays approx the same. buffer takes up and releases H+ |
| when a small amount of acid is added to an unbuffered solution what happens to the pH? why? | it goes down. acids add H+ to a solution |
| which of these will change the pH of a solution: HCL or NaCl? why? | HCl. because it is an acid |
| organic molecules contain: | carbon |
| which chemical reactions break down large molecules? | decomposition |
| which chemical reactions use small molecules to build large ones: | synthesis |
| name the four biological molecules and give the basic units and function for each: | carbohydrates; monosaccharides; energy/building blocks lipids; fatty acids and glycerol; energy/membranes proteins; amino acids; antibodies/enzymes/transport molecules nucleic acids; nucleotides; genetic info/energy transporter |
| define peptide: | short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| define polypeptide: | long chain of amino acids |
| define protein: | two or more poly peptides linked by weak bonds |
| define peptide bond: | covalent bond |
| classify and give a role for glucose: | carbohydrate (monosaccharide); universal cellular fuel |
| classify and give a role for triglyceride: | lipid; stores energy |
| classify and give a role for DNA: | nucleic acid; genetic material |
| classify and give a role for ATP: | nucleic acid (nucleotide); carries energy |
| classify and give a role for cholesterol: | lipid; membrane component |
| classify and give a role for enzyme: | protein; acts as a biological catalyst |
| classify and give a role for phospholipid: | lipid; membrane component |
| classify and give a role for hemoglobin: | protein; carries oxygen |
| classify and give a role for antibody: | protein; defense agains disease |
| classify and give a role for glycogen: | carbohydrate; stores energy in liver and muscles |
| classify and give a role for RNA: | nucleic acid; transfers genetic material |
| a protein that undergoes a change in structure and loss of function is ____________ | denatured |
| DNA is made up of: | adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
| RNA is made up of: | adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine |
| unsaturated fatty acids have at least one ___________ between carbons while saturated fatty acids do not. | double bond |
| identify these enzyme terms:substrate active site product | substrate: chemical entering an enzyme reaction active site: part of the enzyme that is doing the reaction product: substrate changed to product by enzyme |
| enzymes carry out reactions A. quickly B. slowly | A |
| enzymes carry out reactions A. only once B. many times | B |
| enzymes A. carry out many types of chemical reactions B. are specialists | B |
| enzymes are named for their ____________ and usually end in the letters ____ | substrates; ase |
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twilight52
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