Formation of the Solar System
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| planetismal | space object built of solid paricles that can form planets through collisions and mergers
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| retrograde motion | a planets apparent backward movement in the sky
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| ellipse | an oval that is centered on two points called foci; the shape of planets orbits
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| astronomical unit | the average distance between the sun and earth (93 million miles) 1.496x10^8
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| eccentricity | ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis; defines the shape of a planets elliptical orbit
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| terrestrial planets | one of the rocky surfacedrelatively small, denser inner planets closet to the sun- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
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| scarps | cliff on Mercury; similar to those on earth but much higher
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| gas giant planets | large, gaseous planet that is very cold at is surface; has ring systems, many moons, lacks a solid surfaces- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
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| liquid metallic hydrogen | fomr of hydrogen with both liquid and metallic properties that exists as a layer in the jovian atmosphere
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| belts | low, warm, dark colored cloud that sinks and flows rapidly in the Jovian atmosphere
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| zones | high. cool light colored cloud that rises and flows rapidly in the Jovian atmosphere
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| dwarf planet | and object that, due to its own gravity, is spherical in shape, orbits the sun, is not a satellite, and has not cleared the area of its orbit of smaller debris
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| meteoroid | peice of interplanetary material that falls toward earth and enters its atmosphere
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| meteor | streak of light produced when a meteriod falls toward earth and burns up in the earths atmosphere
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| meteorite | a small fragment of an orbiting body that has fallen to earth, generating heat; does not completely burn up in the Earth'satmosphere and strikes the Earth's surface, sometimes causing an impact crater
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| Kuiper belt | small solar system bodies that are mostly rock and ice, lies outside the orbit of Neptune, 30 to 50 AU from the Sun, most probably formed in this region
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| comets | small, eccentrically orbiting body made of rock and ice which have one or more tails that point away from the sun
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| meteor shower | occurs when earth intersects a cometary orbit and comet particles burn up as they enter Earth's upper atmosphere
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