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| show | Vasospasm occurs 3-12 days after and CT usually remains unchanged
Rebleeding occurs soon after (<24 hours) and results in changes in CT
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| MC benig liver tumor (+microscopy) | show 🗑
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| show | Block 5-HT2A receptors and have lower binding affinity to D2 receptor sites = lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects.
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| Individuals on vegan diets are deficient in> | show 🗑
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| When does field cancerization occurs? | show 🗑
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| show | Imiquimod
Inhibits angiogenesis. Induces apoptosis
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| show | Membranous glomerulopathy
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| show | Mitral valve regurgitation
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| Used to detect and quantify levels of mRNA of a sample | show 🗑
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| The probability that a sibling would be an identical HLA match is: | show 🗑
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| show | Pigmented gallstones and aplastic crisis due to parvovirus b19
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| Colonic diverticula form in areas where> | show 🗑
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| What is the Reid index? | show 🗑
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| show | Villous blunting, proliferation of crypt cells and reduced brush border enzymes.
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| Rotavirus invades> | show 🗑
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| show | Rotavirus
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| show | Ability to correctly identify individuals without a disease
true negatives/ (true negatives+ false positives)
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| show | Reduced RPF
Reduced GFR
Increased FF (compensatory arteriolar vasoconstriction)
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| Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix involves: | show 🗑
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| show | Viral hepatitis B and C
PAN: Constitutional manifestations and ischemic symptoms in the kidneys, skin, GI tract and neurologic system.
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| show | Mediated by viral surface glycoproteins that bind to host cell receptors.
Mutations can cause non infectious viruses to become infectious.
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| Can improve spasticity without paralysis | show 🗑
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| Urine sediment in acute ureterolithiasis usually shows> | show 🗑
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| Glycogen formation is stimulated by increased levels of> | show 🗑
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| Causes of premature cataracts formation> | show 🗑
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| The infusion of excessive normal saline (sodium chloride) is a common cause of> | show 🗑
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| show | Carbamazepine
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| show | Hypotonic hyponatremia (low serum osm and Na) , concentrated urine (high urine osm) , and euvolemia.
The opposite of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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| show | Endogenous catecholamines
Hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglicemia.
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| Can be co-administered with dopamine receptor blockers to prevent excessive cholinergic activity in the treatment of severe migraine. | show 🗑
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| Is a proto-oncogene often activated in tumor cells, thereby increasing the cellular response to mitogenic stimuli | show 🗑
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| Stimulate cell proliferation and their over-expression/amplification leads to increased cell proliferation and neoplastic growth | show 🗑
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| show | Loop diuretics (inhibit Na-K-2Cl)
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
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| The replacement of enzymes needs to be administered via > | show 🗑
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| Follicles clogged with sebum provide the anaerobic, lipid rich environment for the growth of> | show 🗑
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| Results in a blowing holosystolic murmur best heard over the cardiac apex with radiation to the axila> | show 🗑
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| Commonly occurs in response to systolic dysfunction or certain types of valvular disease | show 🗑
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| Low fecal elastase, sudan staining and elevated Hb A1c all support the diagnosis of> | show 🗑
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| show | Ganglion cysts
Most resolve spontaneously.
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| Examples of active transport carriers> Drugs that can inhibit it> | show 🗑
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| Contain high levels of mitochondria, lipids and myoglobin. Their function is amplified by endurance training. | show 🗑
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| This meningitis is characterized by the formation of a thick, gelatinous exudate at the base of the brain, cerebral vasculitis and hydrocephalus> | show 🗑
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| Indirect indicators of chronic alcohol consumption> | show 🗑
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| Is a drug combination effective agains most gram- enteric rods. Even the ones with beta lactamase activity> | show 🗑
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| Person legally designated to make medical decisions if a patient loses decision making capacity, overrules all other surrogates. | show 🗑
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| show | SVR decreases (due to increased release of peripheral vasodilators)
Plasma blood volume increases (RAAS activation leading to fluid retention)
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| show | Bilateral distal loss of pain , temperature and crude touch sensation (from injury of spinothalamic tracts) and paralysis (from injury of lateral corticospinal tracts)
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| Increased liver lipoprotein production during minimal change disease is triggered by> | show 🗑
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| show | Acute pulmonary edema.
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary venous system leads to engorged alveolar capillaries with fluid transudation (acellular pink material on histology).
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| Two allele loci are said to be in linkage disequilibrium when> | show 🗑
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| show | Subdural hematoma
After fall or accidents in young patients, after minor trauma in elderly.
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| What is biliary sludge? What does it cause? | show 🗑
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| show | Prolonged hypoxia. Patients with lung cancer, TB, CF, empyema, bronchiectasis and chronic lung abscesses.
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| Iron deficiency anemia may result in which nail finding? | show 🗑
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| show | Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil)
Antioxidants ( vit E)
NMDA receptors antagonists (memantine)
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| show | Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease the muscle tone of the LES.
Later in pregnancy can happen due to uterus pressure on the stomach.
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| show | Accumulation of intracellular Na+ and water due to failure of ATP dependent ion transporters.
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| Increased hydrostatic pressure following central venous thrombosis or hypertensive encephalopathy can cause> | show 🗑
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| Is responsible of the physiologic adaptations in hypothermia> | show 🗑
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| Is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in 20% of breast cancer patients> | show 🗑
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| Trastuzumab | show 🗑
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| Biopsy of salivary glands in patients with Sjogren syndrome> | show 🗑
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| 4 Major elements that underlie the pathophysiology of acne> | show 🗑
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| show | Anti-inflammatory medications, penicillins and cephalosporins
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| show | Body fat redistribution
Subcutaneous lipoatrophy involving the face and extremities linked to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (stavudine, zidovudine) and protease inhibitors.
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| Area of the brain that demonstrates higher degree of atrophy in Alzheimer's disease | show 🗑
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| show | Synaptophysin, chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase.
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| Celiac disease is characterized by> | show 🗑
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| show | Mucor and Rhizopus.
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| show | Haemophilus ducreyi "So painful you do cry"
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| show | Loud holosystolic murmur best heard over the lower left sternal border.
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| show | A left to right shunt.
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| Early marker of abnormal phosphorus metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. | show 🗑
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| show | SLE
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| show | Induce methemoglobinemia.
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