Uworld
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| show | Vasospasm occurs 3-12 days after and CT usually remains unchanged
Rebleeding occurs soon after (<24 hours) and results in changes in CT
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| show | Cavernous hemangioma
Micro: Cavernous blood filled vascular spaces lined by a single epithelial layer
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| 2nd generation antipsychotics | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium and vit D
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| show | When a large area of cells is exposed to carcinogens that induce mutations (Common in mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma).
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| Topical immunomodulatory agent that stimulates potent cellular and cytokine based immune response by activating TLRs on aberrant cells (like HPV infected cells) | show 🗑
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| show | Membranous glomerulopathy
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| Decompensated HF is a common cause of secondary> | show 🗑
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| Used to detect and quantify levels of mRNA of a sample | show 🗑
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| The probability that a sibling would be an identical HLA match is: | show 🗑
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| Complications of hereditary spherocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | Weak points of the colonic wall, where the vasa recta penetrate through the smooth muscle.
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| What is the Reid index? | show 🗑
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| Rotavirus infection causes diarrhea via multiple mechanisms including> | show 🗑
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| show | The villous epithelium of the duodenum and proximal jejunum
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| show | Rotavirus
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| Test specificity | show 🗑
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| show | Reduced RPF
Reduced GFR
Increased FF (compensatory arteriolar vasoconstriction)
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| show | Integrin mediated binding to fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
Adhesion properties defects seen in numerous malignancies (melanoma)
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| Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is often associated with underlying> | show 🗑
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| show | Mediated by viral surface glycoproteins that bind to host cell receptors.
Mutations can cause non infectious viruses to become infectious.
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| show | Selective dorsal rhizotomy
(Disruption of the afferent sensory arm of the stretch reflex)
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| show | Free RBCs (hematuria) and crystals consistent with the type of stone.
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| Glycogen formation is stimulated by increased levels of> | show 🗑
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| show | Systemic or ophthalmic glucocorticoid use, DM, ocular trauma and external radiation exposure.
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| The infusion of excessive normal saline (sodium chloride) is a common cause of> | show 🗑
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| show | Carbamazepine
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| SIADH presents with> And is the opposite of > | show 🗑
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| show | Endogenous catecholamines
Hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglicemia.
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| Can be co-administered with dopamine receptor blockers to prevent excessive cholinergic activity in the treatment of severe migraine. | show 🗑
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| Is a proto-oncogene often activated in tumor cells, thereby increasing the cellular response to mitogenic stimuli | show 🗑
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| Stimulate cell proliferation and their over-expression/amplification leads to increased cell proliferation and neoplastic growth | show 🗑
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| show | Loop diuretics (inhibit Na-K-2Cl)
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
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| The replacement of enzymes needs to be administered via > | show 🗑
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| show | Propionibacterium acnes
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| Results in a blowing holosystolic murmur best heard over the cardiac apex with radiation to the axila> | show 🗑
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| show | Dilation of the left ventricular cavity.
Heart failure decompensation.
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| show | Chronic pancreatitis
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| show | Ganglion cysts
Most resolve spontaneously.
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| Examples of active transport carriers> Drugs that can inhibit it> | show 🗑
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| Contain high levels of mitochondria, lipids and myoglobin. Their function is amplified by endurance training. | show 🗑
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| show | TB meningitis
Presents with subacute, slowly progressive nausea, vomiting, fever, cranial nerve deficits and stroke.
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| show | 1) Macrocytosis
2) AST: ALT ratio>2
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| show | Piperacillin-tazobactam
(Tazobactam is a beta lactamase inhibitor)
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| show | Health care proxy
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| Changes during pregnancy: SVR, plasma blood volume | show 🗑
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| Anterior cord syndrome, affected tracts and manifestations> | show 🗑
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| show | Low oncotic pressure
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| show | Acute pulmonary edema.
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary venous system leads to engorged alveolar capillaries with fluid transudation (acellular pink material on histology).
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| show | When a pair of alleles are inherited together in the same gamete (haplotype) more or less often than expected by chance alone.
Often the result of physical proximity of genes.
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| show | Subdural hematoma
After fall or accidents in young patients, after minor trauma in elderly.
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| What is biliary sludge? What does it cause? | show 🗑
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| show | Prolonged hypoxia. Patients with lung cancer, TB, CF, empyema, bronchiectasis and chronic lung abscesses.
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| Iron deficiency anemia may result in which nail finding? | show 🗑
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| show | Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil)
Antioxidants ( vit E)
NMDA receptors antagonists (memantine)
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| show | Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease the muscle tone of the LES.
Later in pregnancy can happen due to uterus pressure on the stomach.
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| show | Accumulation of intracellular Na+ and water due to failure of ATP dependent ion transporters.
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| Increased hydrostatic pressure following central venous thrombosis or hypertensive encephalopathy can cause> | show 🗑
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| Is responsible of the physiologic adaptations in hypothermia> | show 🗑
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| show | HER2
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| show | Monoclonal antibody that blocks HER2, downregulates cellular proliferation and promotes apoptosis.
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| Biopsy of salivary glands in patients with Sjogren syndrome> | show 🗑
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| show | Follicular epidermal hyperproliferation (androgens, anabolic steroids)
Excessive sebum production
Inflammation
Propionibacterium acnes
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| Most common triggers of drug induced hemolysis> | show 🗑
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| show | Body fat redistribution
Subcutaneous lipoatrophy involving the face and extremities linked to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (stavudine, zidovudine) and protease inhibitors.
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| Area of the brain that demonstrates higher degree of atrophy in Alzheimer's disease | show 🗑
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| show | Synaptophysin, chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase.
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| Celiac disease is characterized by> | show 🗑
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| show | Mucor and Rhizopus.
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| show | Haemophilus ducreyi "So painful you do cry"
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| show | Loud holosystolic murmur best heard over the lower left sternal border.
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| Increased O2 saturation between two right-sided vessels or chambers indicates de presence of> | show 🗑
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| show | Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
Reduces intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of phosphate.
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| Anti-nuclear antibodies are the most characteristic feature of> | show 🗑
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| show | Induce methemoglobinemia.
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Created by:
Laymar
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