FA complete review part 6 Antimicrobials (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), Sulfisoxazole, and Sulfadiazine
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| show | Folic acid synthesis and reduction (DNA methylation)
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| show | 1. Peptidoglycan synthesis
2. Peptidoglycan cross-linking
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| show | Vancomycin and Bacitracin
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| Common Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins: | show 🗑
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| show | Oxacillin
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
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| Common Antipseudomonas? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common Monobactam? | show 🗑
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| show | Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, and Doripenem
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| show | Aminoglycosides, Glycylcycline, and Tetracyclines
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| show | Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
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| Three tetracyclines | show 🗑
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| show | 30S
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| Which antibiotic categories act by inhibiting protein synthesis through inactivation of the 50S ribosomal subunit? | show 🗑
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| What are the MC streptogramins? | show 🗑
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| Common macrolides? | show 🗑
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| Common antibiotic that disrupts DNA integrity via free radicals? | show 🗑
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| Rifampin works by: | show 🗑
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| show | Fluoroquinolones and Quinolones
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| show | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
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| show | Quinolone
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| show | Membrane integrity
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| The 50S ribosomal subunit is attacked by: | show 🗑
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| What medication prevents the formation of THF? | show 🗑
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| Which antibiotics are known to inhibit PABA? | show 🗑
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| DNA gyrase is inhibited by _____________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Penicillins and Glycopeptides (vancomycin andbacitrancin)
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| show | IV and IM forms
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| show | Oral
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| Which penicillin, G or V, is administered orally only? | show 🗑
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| show | Penicillin G, V
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| What is the mode of action of Penicillin G and Penicillin V? | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical uses for Penicillin G, V? | show 🗑
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| Penicillin G, V, is bactericidal or bacteriostatic? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Hypersensitive reactions
2. Direct Coombs (+) hemolytic anemia
3. Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
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| show | B-lactamase cleaves the B-lactam ring. ---> MUTATIONS in PBP
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| show | Transpeptidases
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| show | Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins
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| Which hver wider spectrum of action, Penicillin G, V or Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | H. influenzae, H. pylori, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, and enterococci.
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| show | HHELPSS
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| show | H. influenzae
H. pylori
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterococci
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| What are common adverse effects of Penicillinase - sensitive penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | Penicillinase-sensitive penicillin
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| What is the mode of acquired resistance of Amoxicillin and ampicillin? | show 🗑
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| show | Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
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| show | The bulky R group blocks access of B-lactamase to B-lactam ring.
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| What is the use for Penicillinase-resistant penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | It is resistant to Penicillinase-resistant penicillins due to altered PBP.
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| show | Hypersensitivity reactions and Interstitial nephritis
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| What nephrotic disorder is seen as adverse effect of Penicillinase-resistant penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | Penicillin G, V and Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
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| Spectrum type of each: 1. Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins 2. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins 3. Antipseudomonal penicillins | show 🗑
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| show | Sensitive
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| show | B-lactamase inhibitors
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| What are the clinical uses (infections) treated with Antipseudomonal penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | Clavulanic acid, Avibactam, Sulbactam, and Tazobactam
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| show | CAST
Clavulanic acid,
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
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| What is the function of B-lactamase inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| What is another name for B-lactamase? | show 🗑
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| show | Destruction of Piperacillin with B-lactamase
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| show | Bactericidal
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| show | B-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but ar less susceptible to penicillinases.
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| Which are more susceptible to penicillinases, penicillins or cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| show | LAME
Listeria
Atypicals (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)
MRSA
Enterococci
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| show | LAME
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| show | Cefazolin and Cephalexin
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| Cefazolin is a _______ generation cephalosporin. | show 🗑
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| What cephalosporin is generation is Cephalexin? | show 🗑
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| Cefazolin and Cephalexin are both _______ generation cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| What organisms are covered by 1st generation cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| What is the common use for Cefazolin? | show 🗑
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| HENS PEcK | show 🗑
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| What are the most common 2nd Generation Cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| show | 2nd
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| show | 2nd
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| show | 2nd
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| show | HENS PEcK
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| show | 1. Gram (+) cocci
2. H. influenzae
3. Enterobacter aerogenes
4. Neisseria spp
5. Serratia marcescens
6. Proteus mirabilis
7. E. coli
8 . Klebsiella pneumoniae
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| Which cephalosporins can cross the BBB? | show 🗑
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| show | Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefpodoxime, and Ceftazidime
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| show | Serious gram (-) infections resistant to other B-lactams
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| What re the most common uses for Ceftriaxone? | show 🗑
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| show | Ceftriaxone
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| What generation of cephalosporin is Ceftriaxone? | show 🗑
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| Which 3rd gen Cephalosporin is used to treat Pseudomonas? | show 🗑
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| Ceftazidime is a _____ generation cephalosporin | show 🗑
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| What type or generation of cephalosporins are used in seriums gram (-) infections? | show 🗑
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| Cefotaxime is a ______ generation cephalosporin | show 🗑
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| show | Cefepime
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| show | Gram (-) organisms, with increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram (+) organisms
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| Besides gram negative activity, what other infections can be treated with 4th generation cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| What is the most commonly referred 5th generation Cephalosporin? | show 🗑
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| What is the coverage of 5th generation cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| Unlike generations 1st --- 4th, the ______ generation of cephalosporins cover: | show 🗑
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| MRSA is covered by ______ generation cephalosporins | show 🗑
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| What is covered by the 4th generation cephalosporins, but NOT by the 5th generation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Hypersensitivity reactions
2. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
3. Disulfiram-like reaction
4. Vitamin K deficiency
5. Low rate of cross-reactivity even in penicillin-allergic patients
6. Increase nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides
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| show | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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| show | Vitamin K
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| show | Cephalosporins
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| What other type of antibiotics increase the risk of nephrotoxicity seen in Cephalosporin therapy? | show 🗑
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| show | Aminoglycosides
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| show | Cilastatin
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| What is the MOA of Cilastatin? | show 🗑
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| Inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I | show 🗑
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| show | Ertapenem and Doripenem
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| What is the purpose of using Cilastatin with Imipenem? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Gram (+) cocci
2. Gram (-) rods
3. Anaerobes
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| show | Meropenem
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| What enzyme is inactivated in renal tubules by the use of Carbapenems? | show 🗑
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| show | GI distress, rash, and CNS toxicity (seizures) at high plasma levels
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| What is the most significant side effect seen with Carbapenems? | show 🗑
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| show | Monobactam
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| show | B-lactamases
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| show | Binding to Penicillin-Binding protein 3
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| show | Monobactam
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| show | Aminoglycosides
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| show | Gram (-) rods only
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| show | Penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides
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| show | Vancomycin
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| show | B-lactamases
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| show | Gram (+) bugs
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| Examples of gram (+) bugs treated with Vancomycin? | show 🗑
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| show | C. difficile
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| show | Red man syndrome
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| show | Adverse effect to Vancomycin
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| What is the Red man syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What are the most common adverse effects of Vancomycin? | show 🗑
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| show | Vancomycin toxicity
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| show | D-Ala-D-Ala ----> D-Ala-D-Lac
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| D-Ala-D-Lac | show 🗑
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| How is Red man syndrome prevented? | show 🗑
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| show | 30S and 50S
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| show | 70S bacterial ribosome
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| All protein inhibitors are _______________________, except for: | show 🗑
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| Which kind of protein inhibitors are the only bactericidal? | show 🗑
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| Linezolid is bactericidal or bacteriostatic? | show 🗑
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| Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines target the _______ ribosomal subunit. | show 🗑
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| show | Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin,
Erythromycin (macrolides)
Linezolid
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| show | Macrolides and Clindamycin
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| What is the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides? | show 🗑
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| show | They require Oxygen to work
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| What is the result of aminoglycosides inhibition of the initiation complex by binding to the 30S subunit? | show 🗑
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| show | Severe gram (-) rod infections
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| show | Neomycin
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| show | B-lactam antibiotics
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|
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| What are the most common adverse effects of aminoglycosides? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Loop diuretics
🗑
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| What kind of antibiotic should be avoided in case a patient is on Furosemide? | show 🗑
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| show | Bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation.
🗑
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| Which protein inhibitor drug class targets/inhibits the A-site tRNA binding? | show 🗑
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| show | Chloramphenicol
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| Linezolid inhibition of 50S subunit prevents _____________ to integrate. | show 🗑
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| Bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA. | show 🗑
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| show | CNS
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| show | Fecally
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| Why is doxycycline used in renal failure patients? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Milk (Ca2+)
2. Antacids (Ca2+ and Mg2+)
3.. Iron-containing preparations
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| What kind of cations can inhibit tetracycline absorption in the gut? | show 🗑
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| A person with severe GERD is taking OTC antacids, which protein inhibitor antibiotic should be avoided? | show 🗑
|
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| show | 1. Borrelia burgdorferi
2. M. pneumoniae
3. RIckettsia and Chlamydia
4. Acne
5. Doxycycline is effective against MRSA
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|
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| Which tetracycline is used for MRSA infection? | show 🗑
|
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| Why are tetracyclines especially against Rickettsia and Chlamydia? | show 🗑
|
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| What are common adverse effects of Tetracyclines? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Tetracycline toxicity
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|
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| What is the mechanism of resistance? | show 🗑
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| show | Glycylcyclines
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|
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| What are a type of tetracycline derivatives? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Broad-spectrum anaerobic, gram (-), and gram (+) coverage
2. MRSA and VRE
3, Infection requireing deep tissue penetration
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| show | Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic
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| What are the MC uses of Chloramphenicol? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Anemia (dose dependent)
2. Aplastic anemia (dose independent)
3. Gray baby syndrome
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|
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| Why do infants develop gray baby syndrome in Chloramphenicol? | show 🗑
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| What is the mode of resistance of Chloramphenicol? | show 🗑
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| MOA of Clindamycin: | show 🗑
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| show | - Anaerobic infections in aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, and oral infections.
- Also effective against invasive group A streptococcal infetion
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| What are adverse effects associated with Clindamycin? | show 🗑
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| show | Above
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| show | Linezolid
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|
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| What type of antibiotic is Linezolid? | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit and preventing formation of the initiation complex.
🗑
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| What organisms are commonly treated with Linezolid? | show 🗑
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| What are most important adverse effects of Linezolid? | show 🗑
|
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| What syndrome is adversely seen in the use of Linezolid? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Point mutation of ribosomal RNA
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|
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| What are the MC macrolides? | show 🗑
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| show | Translocation
🗑
|
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| show | Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation;
bind to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit
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|
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| Where do macrolides bind to prevent protein synthesis? | show 🗑
|
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| What are the MC clinical uses of Macrolides? | show 🗑
|
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| What antibiotics can be used to treat atypical pneumonias? | show 🗑
|
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| Mnemonic of adverse effects seen in macrolides | show 🗑
|
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| What are the most common adverse effects of Macrolides? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Clarithromycin and Erythromycin
🗑
|
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| Methylation of 23S rRNA-binding site prevents binding of drug. | show 🗑
|
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| What are the most common Polymyxins? | show 🗑
|
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| MOA of Polymyxins | show 🗑
|
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| What is the clinical use for Polymyxins? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Component of a triple antibiotic ointment used for superficial skin infections
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|
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| show | Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity (slurred speech, weakness, paresthesias), and respiratory failure.
🗑
|
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| What enzyme is primarily blocked or inhibited by Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Inhibition of folate synthesis
🗑
|
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| When are sulfonamides bactericidal? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Bacteriostatic
🗑
|
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| show | Gram (+), gram (-), Nocardia
🗑
|
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| TMP-SMX is used in treating? | show 🗑
|
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| What is a problems seen in a G6PD deficiency patient on Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| show | - Hypersensitivity reactions
- Hemolysis (in G6PD deficiency)
- Nephrotoxicity (Tubulointerstitial nephritis)
- Photosensitivity
-Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Kernicterus in infants
- Displacement of other drugs form albumin
🗑
|
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| What is the teratogenic adverse effect of Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| Which patients are at higher risk of hemolysis by using sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the way of resistance of Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| What acid is prevented from forming by the use of Sulfonamide and/or Dapsone? | show 🗑
|
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| What is the MC use for Dapsone? | show 🗑
|
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| Two serious adverse effects of Dapsone therapy? | show 🗑
|
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| What does TMP stand for? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase; Bacteriostatic
🗑
|
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| What antibiotic combination cause a sequential block of folate synthesis? | show 🗑
|
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| What infections are treated with TMP in combination with Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
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| What is a common treatment for Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis? | show 🗑
|
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| List of TMP adverse effects: | show 🗑
|
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| How can granulocytopenia seen with TMP can be avoided? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the common suffix seen fluoroquinolone nomenclature? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV.
🗑
|
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| What should never be taken with fluoroquinolones? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluoroquinolones and Tetracyclines
🗑
|
||||
| Clinical uses of Fluoroquinolones: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | May cause cartilage damage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children < 18 years old.
🗑
|
||||
| show | QT prolongation
🗑
|
||||
| show | May cause Tendonitis or tendon rupture
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cartilage and tendos
🗑
|
||||
| What effect does ciprofloxacin have on the CYP450 system? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membranes of gram (+) cocci by creating transmembrane channels
🗑
|
||||
| show | Daptomycin
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. S. aureus skin infections (especially MRSA)
2. Bacteriemia
3. Endocarditis
4. VRE
🗑
|
||||
| VRE and MRSA can be treated with ________________, by disrupting the cell membrane. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is Daptomycin not used in pneumonias? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What medication is known to bind to surfactant and also by inactivated by surfactant as well? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects seen in Daptomycin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Forms toxic free radicals metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
🗑
|
||||
| Metronidazole is ______________ and _______________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mnemonic used to summarize organisms trated with Metronidazole
🗑
|
||||
| What does GET GAP stand for: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What medication can substitute Amoxicillin in triple therapy for H. pylori infection? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Below
🗑
|
||||
| Clindamycin treats anaerobic infections ______________ the diaphragm. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What adverse effect is seen with Metronidazole + ETOH? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Severe flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension
🗑
|
||||
| show | Headache and metallic taste
🗑
|
||||
| show | Metronidazole.
🗑
|
||||
| What is used for prophylaxis is use for M. tuberculosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mnemonic for M. tuberculosis treatment
🗑
|
||||
| What drugs are use for prophylaxis for M. avium-intracellulare? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the empiric treatment for M. avium-intracellulare? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dapsone and rifampin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Clofazimine
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two most common Rifamycins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. Delay resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy
3. Meningococcal meningitidis prophylaxis
4. Chemoprophylaxis in contacts of children with H. influenzae type b.
🗑
|
||||
| show | It helps delay the resistance to Dapsone
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rifampin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rifabutin
🗑
|
||||
| show | RIfabutin has less cytochrome P-450 stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| What are the adverse effects seen with Rifamycins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mutations reduce drug binding to RNA polymerase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rapid development of resistance to medication
🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased synthesis of mycolic acids
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacterial catalase-peroxidase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacterial catalase-peroxidase
🗑
|
||||
| A deficiency or mutation to KatG gene can result in: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | M. tuberculosis
🗑
|
||||
| Which is the only agent (RIPE), that can be used in monotherapy prophylaxis of TB? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Isoniazid
🗑
|
||||
| What defines INH half-lives? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Represent possible Isoniazid half-lives
🗑
|
||||
| List of Isoniazid adverse effects: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What vitamin may be depleted by use of Isoniazid? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Peripheral Neuropathy and Sideroblastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| What anemia may be seen as side effect of INH toxicity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is co administered with Isoniazid in order to prevent Vitamin B6 deficiency? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mutations leading to underexpression of KatG | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neurons and Hepatocytes
🗑
|
||||
| What does RIPE stand for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the clinical use for Pyrazinamide? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyperuricemia and hepatotoxiciy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acidic
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of Ethambutol? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the associated adverse effects of Ethambutol? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Red-green color blindness
🗑
|
||||
| Which RIPE drug works by blocking arabinosyltransferase? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Isoniazid
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ethambutol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Streptomycin
🗑
|
||||
| show | 30S
🗑
|
||||
| What are associated side effects of Streptomycin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amoxicillin
🗑
|
||||
| Prophylaxis in cases of exposure to gonorrhea? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What agent is used in prophylaxis o recurrent UTIs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cases of exposure to meningococcal infection
🗑
|
||||
| show | Intrapartum penicillin G or ampicillin
🗑
|
||||
| Erythromycin ointment on eyes. Prophylaxis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which cases is Cefazolin used as prophylaxis measure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Benzathine penicillin G is used a prophylaxis of: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What can be used as prophylaxis measures for strep pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); Azithromycin or clarithromycin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline, and doxycycline
🗑
|
||||
| show | Linezolid and streptogramins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common medication used for Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Squalene epoxidase
🗑
|
||||
| show | 14-a-demethylase
🗑
|
||||
| Which antifungals interfere in Ergosterol synthesis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Antifungals that disrupt cell wall synthesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some importnat echinocandins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the common ending in nomenclature azoles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flucytosine
🗑
|
||||
| show | Amphotericin B and Nystatin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Polyenes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| What cell structure is unique to fungi? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amphotericin B
🗑
|
||||
| What important antifungal is used in serious, systemic mycoses? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some organism treated with Amphotericin B? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What electrolytes should be supplemented in a patient on Amphotericin B? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is K+ and Mg2+ supplemented in a patient on Amphotericin B? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Amphotericin B
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, andmia and phleblitis.
🗑
|
||||
| Which antifungal is used topically and not as toxic as Amphotericin B, and with the same mechanism action of Amphotericin B? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the clinical use of Nystatin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nystatin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, fluconazole
🗑
|
||||
| Inibito fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis by inhibiting that CYP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol | show 🗑
|
||||
| Associated adverse effects of Azoles | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which azole is the most likely to cause Gynecomastia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Azoles
🗑
|
||||
| What is the MOA of Terbinafine? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common use for Terbinafine? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Onychomycosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is Onychomycosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | GI upset, headaches, hepatotoxicity, and taste disturbance.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the MOA of Echinocandins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Echinocandins
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Invasive aspergillosis
2. Candida
🗑
|
||||
| show | Echinocandins release histamine --> flushing
🗑
|
||||
| What process of the cell cycle is disrupted by Griseofulvin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interferes with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Where is Griseofulvin commonly deposited? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Disulfiram-like reaction
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects on CYP450 and Warfarin, by the use of Griseofulvin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Suramin and melarsoprol are used to treat: | show 🗑
|
||||
| T. cruzi is treated with: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nifurtimox is a antiprotozoal agent used to treat _____________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Toxoplasmosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is a common treatment option for Leishmaniasis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| List of common anti-mite/louse drugs: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the use for Permethrin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibits Na+ channel deactivation --> neuronal membrane depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of Malathion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasmodia
🗑
|
||||
| What is a common drug used to treat plasmodial species other than P. falciparum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is Chloroquine not used in treating P. falciparum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Retinopathy; pruritus
🗑
|
||||
| List of anti-helminthic therapy drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mebendazole
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased Ca2+ permeability and increased vacuolization
🗑
|
||||
| HIV Reverse transcriptase include: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Common NRTIs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Commn NNRTIs include: | show 🗑
|
||||
| ABC | show 🗑
|
||||
| ddI | show 🗑
|
||||
| Emtricitabine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lamivudine
🗑
|
||||
| show | 3TC
🗑
|
||||
| show | Stavudine
🗑
|
||||
| Stavudine | show 🗑
|
||||
| TDF | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NRTI
🗑
|
||||
| show | TDF
🗑
|
||||
| Zidovudine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maraviroc and Enfuvirtide
🗑
|
||||
| show | Attachment
🗑
|
||||
| Maraviroc prevents ______________ of HIV to the cell. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Penetration of HIV to host cell is prevented with ___________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What HIV antiviral prevents entry of HIV by blocking its penetration? | show 🗑
|
||||
| List of HIV integrase inhibitors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | -- tegravir
🗑
|
||||
| show | Integrase inhibitor
🗑
|
||||
| -tegravir is _______________ inhibitor, and --navir is _____________ inhibitor. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Raltegravir is a very common ______________________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What process in HIV replication/infection process is disrupted by Integrase inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reverse transcription ; Transcription
🗑
|
||||
| show | Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Lopinavir
🗑
|
||||
| show | Protease inhibitor
🗑
|
||||
| What common suffix identifies all or most of HIV Protease inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Proteolytic processing
🗑
|
||||
| HIV proteolytic processing is inhibited with _____________ inhibitors. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Guanosine analogs
2. Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors
3. Guanine nucleotide synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acyclovir and Ganciclovir
🗑
|
||||
| show | Guanosine analog
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nucleic acid synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| What are common viral infections treated with Foscarnet and Cidofovir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor is Ribavirin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which are the two most common Neuraminidase inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are common antivirals used to treat Influenza A and B? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neuraminidase inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| What is prevented by the use of Neuraminidase inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Inhibit influenza neuraminidase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HSV and VZV
🗑
|
||||
| Which Guanosine analog has the best oral bioavailability? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Obstructive crystalline nephropathy
2. Acute renal failure if not adequately hydrated
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mutated viral thymidine kinase
🗑
|
||||
| show | HSV-induced mucocutaneous and genital lesions as well as for encephalitis.
🗑
|
||||
| Prodrug of acyclovir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is there few adverse effects with acyclovir and its derivatives? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of Ganciclovir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common use for Ganciclovir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Valganciclovir
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects of Ganciclovir | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the MOA of Foscarnet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pyrophosphate-binding site of enzyme
🗑
|
||||
| Which antiviral does not require any kinase activation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyrophosphate analog | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1. Viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor 2. HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the two most common uses for Foscarnet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Nephrotoxicity
2. Electrolyte abnormalities ----> seizures
🗑
|
||||
| What are the common electrolyte abnormalities of Foscarnet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is severe consequence seen in Foscarnet-induced electrolyte abnormalities? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the mode of resistance of Foscarnet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephrotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Highly active antiretroviral therapy
🗑
|
||||
| What are the strongest indications for HAART? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A total of 3 drugs;
2 NRTIs + 1 Integrase inhibitor
🗑
|
||||
| show | Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain
🗑
|
||||
| All NRTIs are nucleosides, except for ___________________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some unique ZDV clinical uses? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the associated adverse effects of NRTIs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abacavir
🗑
|
||||
| show | Co-administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] and erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| What is an associated adverse effect of ZDV? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the associated adverse effect of Didanosine? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lactic acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | NNRTI
🗑
|
||||
| show | NNRTIs
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of NNRTIs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Bind different site in the reverse transcriptase
2. NNRTIs do NOT require phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rash and hepatotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Vivid dreams and CNS symptoms
🗑
|
||||
| Which NNRTIs are contraindicated in pregnancy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Assembly of virions depends on HIV-1 protease, which cleaves the polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts.
🗑
|
||||
| Which HIV antivirals prevent the maturation of new viruses? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which Protease inhibitor "boost" other drug concentrations by inhibiting CYP450 system? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rifabutin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy (Cushing-like syndrome)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephropathy, hematuria, thrombocytopenia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the result of Protease inhibitors and Rifampin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Integrase inhibitor mechanism of action | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effect of Integrase inhibitors | show 🗑
|
||||
| What HIV antiviral is associated with increased levels creatine kinase? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action Enfuvirtide? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mechanism of action Maraviroc
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skin reaction at injection sites
🗑
|
||||
| show | Enfuvirtide
🗑
|
||||
| _____________ inhibits docking. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glycoproteins normally synthesized by virus-infected cells, exhibiting a wide range of antiviral and antitumoral properties.
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects associated Interferons? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Chronic HBV and HCV
2. Kaposi sarcoma
3. Hairy cell leukemia
4. Condyloma acuminatum
5. RCC
6. Malignant melanoma
7. Multiple sclerosis
8. Chronic granulomatous disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ribavirin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ledipasvir, Ribavirin, Simeprevir, and Sofosbuvir.
🗑
|
||||
| What is MOA of Ledipasvir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibitors synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
🗑
|
||||
| What are adverse effects of Ribavirin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action Simeprevir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects of Simeprevir? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sofosbuvir
🗑
|
||||
| What is the teratogenic effect of Sulfonamides? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluoroquinolones
🗑
|
||||
| Associated teratogenic effect of Tetracyclines | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gray baby syndrome is the teratogenic result of ______________ in pregnant women. | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
rakomi
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