Introduction of the Body
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| abdominal | relating to the abdomen
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| abdomen | body area between the diaphragm and pelivs
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| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the abdominal organs
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| abdominal quadrant | any of the four topographic subdivisions of the abdomen determined by two imaginary lines dividing the body though the navel, one vertical, one horizontal; health professionals use these designations to help locate specific internal organs
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| abdominal region | any of nine topographic subdivisions of the abdomen determined by four imaginary lines configured in a tic-tac-toe pattern; anatomists use these named regions to identify the location of internal organs
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| abdominopelvic cavity | the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs, which is subdivided into two compartments- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
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| abdiminopelvic quadrant | any of four regions formed by dividing the abdominopelvic cavity by an imaginary cross formed by a vertical and horizontal line
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| abdiminopelvic region | surface area of the body related to the abdominopelvic cavity
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| anatomincal position | the standard neutral reference position for the body - used to describe sites or motions of various body parts; gives meaning to directional terms
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| anatomist | professional engaged in the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
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| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
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| antebrachial | refers to the forearm
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| antecubital | refers to the elbw
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| anterior | front or ventral; opposite of posterior
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| anthroppology | science of human origins, culture, characteristics, society, and beliefs
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| appendicular | refers to the upper and lower extremities in the body
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| atrophy | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part
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| axial | central line or structure around which something turns; the second cervical vertebra
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| axial skeleton | the bones of the head, neck, and torso
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| axilla | armpit
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| axillary | relating to the armpit
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| axis | central line or structure around which something turns; the second cervical vertebra
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| bilateral symmetry | concept of the right and left sides of the body being approximate mirror images of each other
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| brachial | relating to the arm
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| buccal | relating to the cheek
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| carpal | relating to the wrist
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| cell | the basic biological and structural unit of the body consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed by a membrane
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| cephalic | refers to the head
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| cervical | relating to the neck
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| chemical level | level of biological organization that includes chemical particles such as atoms and molecules
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| control center | a nervous system structure that acts an an integrating or regulating mechanism
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| cranial | toward the head
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| cranial cavity | space inside the skull that contains the brain
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| crural | relating to the leg
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| cubital | refers to the elbow or the forearm
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| cutaneous | relating to the skin
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| deep | farther away from the body's surface
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| diaphragm | membrane or partition that separates one thing from another;
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| digital | refers to the fingers and toes
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| dissection | cutting technique used to separate body parts for study
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| distal | towards the end of a structure; opposite of proximal
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| dorsal | referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal
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| dorsal body cavity | includes the cranial and spinal cavities
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| effector | responding organ; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscles, the heart and glands
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| epigastric region | superior center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; found just inferior to the sternum
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| experimental control | any procedure within a scientific experiment ensuring that the test situation itself is not affecting the outcome of the experiment
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| experimentation | the performance of a study that usually tests a tentative explanation of nature called a hypothesis
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| facial | referring to the face
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| feedback loop | a highly complex and integrated communication control network, classified as negative or positive; negative feedback loops are the most important and most numerous homeostatic control mechanisms
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| femoral | referring to the thigh
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| forensic science | field of scientific investigation applied to legal questions, such as cause of death, crime scene investigation, and related matters
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| frontal | relating to the forehead or the anterior aspect of a structure
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| frontal plane | lengthwise section or plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions; also called the coronal plane
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| gluteal | of or near the buttocks
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| homeostasis | relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment
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| hypochondriac region | far left and right superior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located partly beneath the cartilage of the lower rib cage
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| hypothesis | a proposed explanation of an observed phenomenon
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| iliac region | either of the far left and right inferior corner regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located in the right and left pelvic regions
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| inferior | lower; opposite of superior
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| inguinal | of the groin
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| lateral | of or toward the side; opposite of medial
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| levels of organization | groupings of structural components form microscopic to gross, used as a manner of organizing concepts of biological scale
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| lumbar | lower back, between the ribs and the pelvis
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| lumbar region | either the far left and right middle regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a tic-tac-toe grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located at approximately the same level as the lumbar vertebrae
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| mammary | relating to the breast
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| medial | of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral
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| mediastinum | a subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity
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| medicine | practice of applying scientific principles to the prevention and treatment of health conditions
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| microbiome | all the interacting ecosystems of microbes (bacteria, fungi, etc.) that live on or in the human body; also called the human microbiome or human microbial system
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| midsagittal plane | a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves
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| nasal | relating to the nose
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| negative feedback | negative feedback loop; homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus
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| oblique plane | imagined flat plane that runs diagonally to an axis of the body or one of its parts, producing slanted, oblique section or cut
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| occipital | relating to the back of the skull, as in occipital bone or occipital region
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| olecranal | relating to the elbow
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| opthalmic | relating to the eye
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| oral | relating to the mouth
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| orbital | relating to the eye region or orbit (socket) of the eye; region of an atom inhabited by electrons
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| organ | group of several tissue types that performs a special function
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| organism | an individual, living thing
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| palmar | referring to the palm of the hand
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| pedal | foot
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| pelvic | relating to the pelvis (basin formed by coxal bones)
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| pelvic cavity | portion of the ventral cavity formed by the basin of the pelvic (hip) girdle; the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| perineal | refers to the area between the anus and genitals called the perineum
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| physiology | the study of body function
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| plane | flat surface or imagined flat surface
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| plantar | relating to the sole of the foot
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| pleural cavity | a lateral subdivision of the thorax where a lung resides
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| popliteal | behind the knee
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| positive feedback | positive feedback loop; homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be pushed in the direction of the original deviation, causing an amplification of the original stimulus; ordinaril
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| posterior | located behind; opposite of anterior
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| prone | term used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward
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| proximal | next or nearest; located nearest the center of the body or the point of attachment of a structure
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| sagittal plane | a longitudinal section or flat cut extending from front to back, dividing the body or body part into right and left subdivisions
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| scientific method | any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, often involving testing of tentative explanations called hypotheses
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| section | process of making a cut; a cutting; a segment of a larger structure
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| sensor | in a feedback loop, the mechanism that detect changes in the physiological variable being monitored and regulated
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| spinal cavity | the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes
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| superficial | near the body surface
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| superior | higher; opposite of inferior
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| supine | used to describe the body laying in a horizontal position facing upward
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| supraclavicular | area above the clavicle
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| system | group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone
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| tarsal | relating to the ankle
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| theory | an explanation of a scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true
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| throacic | relating to the chest area of the body ( upper trunk)
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| thoracic cavity | hollow space within the larger ventral body cavity that contains the lungs (pleural cavities) and heart (mediastinum)
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| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function
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| transverse plane | horizontal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts
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| umbilical | relating to the navel
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| ventral body cavity | organ containing space in the anterior trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| volar | palm or sole
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| zygomatic | near the cheek
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